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. 2023 Aug 22;15:100578. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100578

Table 2.

Predictors of elevated low-attenuation plaque burden (LAP). Table shows the demographic, clinical, laboratory data and CCTA features of patients with LAP ≥4% versus <4%.

LAP<4% LAP≥4% p
n 253 111
Age (years) 55.00 [44.00, 61.00] 59.00 [52.00, 64.50] <0.001
Race/ethnicity (n, %) 0.003
NHA 7 (3.1) 7 (6.9)
NHB 63 (27.8) 13 (12.9)
Hispanic 147 (64.8) 70 (69.3)
NHW 10 (4.4) 11 (10.9)
Male sex (n, %) 81 (32.0) 52 (46.8) 0.01
BMI (kg/m2) 29.71 [26.22, 33.08] 29.95 [26.42, 32.69] 0.97
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) 30 (12.3) 27 (25.0) 0.005
Hypertension (n, %) 91 (37.4) 75 (69.4) <0.001
Hyperlipidemia (n, %) 76 (31.3) 63 (58.3) <0.001
Smoking (n, %) 0.023
Never 184 (73.6) 66 (59.5)
Past 30 (12.0) 18 (16.2)
Present 36 (14.4) 27 (24.3)
CAC (AU) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 40.00 [11.00, 83.00] <0.001
CAD-RADS (value) 0.00 [0.00, 1.00] 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] <0.001
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) 181.00 [160.00, 214.00] 188.50 [157.25, 222.75] 0.362
LDL-C (mg/dL) 104.00 [81.00, 128.50] 109.00 [86.00, 140.00] 0.278
HDL-C (mg/dL) 50.00 [41.00, 59.00] 48.00 [41.25, 59.00] 0.306
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.80 [0.71, 0.94] 0.81 [0.74, 0.97] 0.26
HbA1c (%) 5.60 [5.30, 5.95] 5.75 [5.38, 6.35] 0.082
Lipoprotein(a) (nmol/L) 65.00 [19.00, 156.00] 60.00 [18.00, 130.00] 0.736
Statin use at baseline (%) 82 (32.9) 46 (44.2) 0.059
SBP (mmHg) 123.77 [115.04, 133.66] 124.78 [117.25, 134.61] 0.338
DBP (mmHg) 75.35 [70.87, 80.91] 75.22 [70.18, 80.22] 0.686
NCP burden (%) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 43.77 [37.11, 50.88] <0.001
CP burden (%) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 1.61 [0.49, 3.65] <0.001
Total plaque burden (%) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 46.95 [39.14, 53.91] <0.001
Total CP vol (mm3) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 10.84 [3.68, 32.01] <0.001
Total NCP vol (mm3) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 366.26 [212.77, 627.19] <0.001
Total LAP vol (mm3) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 69.55 [35.30, 112.69] <0.001
Total plaque vol (mm3) 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] 378.88 [228.18, 656.93] <0.001
EAT (mL) 79.00 [58.50, 108.50] 105.00 [80.50, 135.50] <0.001
10-year ASCVD risk (%) 3.81 [1.40, 9.15] 8.12 [4.00, 14.07] <0.001

BMI: Body mass index, CAC: coronary artery calcium, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HLD-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, SBP: average systolic blood pressure, DBP: average diastolic blood pressure, NCP: non-calcified plaque, NHA= non-Hispanic Asian, NHB= non-Hispanic Black, NHW=non-Hispanic White, CP: calcified plaque, LAP: low-attenuation plaque, EAT: epicardial adipose tissue, ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk by pooled cohort equations.