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. 2023 Aug 25;9(9):e19370. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19370

Table 2.

Types of contaminants analyzed in each of the reviewed articles per continent and country.



Contaminant
Number of Articles Metal (n = 51) Microbial (n = 26) Mycotoxin (n = 17) Pesticide (n = 5) Residual Solvent (n = 4)
Continent
Africa 39 19 (48.7) 14 (35.9) 6 (15.4) 1 (2.6) 1 (2.6)
Asia 45 28 (62.2) 10 (22.2) 10 (22.2) 4 (8.9) 3 (6.7)
Europe 5 3 (60.0) 1 (20.0) 1 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
South America 2 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Country
Bangladesh 2 1 (50.0) 2 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Benin 1 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Brazil 2 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Cameroon 1 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
China 7 2 (28.6) 0 (0.0) 3 (42.9) 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3)
Estonia 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Ethiopia 2 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Ghana 5 3 (60.0) 1 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (20.0) 1 (20.0)
India 15 10 (66.7) 2 (13.3) 2 (13.3) 3 (20.0) 2 (13.3)
Indonesia 2 1 (50.0) 2 (100.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Iran 3 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Iraq 1 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Italy 1 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Jordan 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Kenya 2 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia 3 3 (100.0) 2 (66.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Malaysia 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Nepal 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Nigeria 10 4 (40.0) 4 (40.0) 3 (30.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Pakistan 5 3 (60.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (40.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Palestine 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Sierra Leone 1 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
South Africa 15 10 (66.7) 4 (26.7) 1 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
South Korea 1 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Tanzania 1 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Thailand 2 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Turkey 3 2 (66.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
United Arab Emirates 1 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)