Table 2.
Types of contaminants analyzed in each of the reviewed articles per continent and country.
| Contaminant |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Articles | Metal (n = 51) | Microbial (n = 26) | Mycotoxin (n = 17) | Pesticide (n = 5) | Residual Solvent (n = 4) | |
| Continent | ||||||
| Africa | 39 | 19 (48.7) | 14 (35.9) | 6 (15.4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) |
| Asia | 45 | 28 (62.2) | 10 (22.2) | 10 (22.2) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (6.7) |
| Europe | 5 | 3 (60.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| South America | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Country | ||||||
| Bangladesh | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Benin | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Brazil | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Cameroon | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| China | 7 | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) |
| Estonia | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ethiopia | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ghana | 5 | 3 (60.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (20.0) |
| India | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (20.0) | 2 (13.3) |
| Indonesia | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 2 (100.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Iran | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Iraq | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Italy | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Jordan | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Kenya | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia | 3 | 3 (100.0) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Malaysia | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nepal | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nigeria | 10 | 4 (40.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pakistan | 5 | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Palestine | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Sierra Leone | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| South Africa | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| South Korea | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Tanzania | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Thailand | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Turkey | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |