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. 2023 Aug 25;9(9):e19370. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19370

Table 3.

The subtype of contaminants analyzed in each of the reviewed articles per continenta).


Continent
Africa Asia Europe South America Total
Metals
 Essential Macro 5 (26.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 6
 Essential Micro 15 (78.9) 20 (71.4) 2 (66.7) 0 (0.0) 37
 Non-Essential 17 (89.5) 28 (100.0) 3 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 49
Microbial
 Bacteria 13 (92.9) 4 (44.4) 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 19
 Fungi 6 (42.9) 7 (77.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13
 Not Indicated 3 (21.4) 2 (22.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5
Mycotoxins
 Aflatoxin 5 (83.3) 10 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 16
 Fumonisins 3 (50.0) 1 (10.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4
 Ochratoxin 2 (33.3) 3 (30.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5
 Patulin 0 (0.0) 2 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
 Trichothecenes 2 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
 Zearalenone 2 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
Pesticide
 Organochlorine 1 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5
 Organophosphate 1 (100.0) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
 Pyrethroid 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1
Residual Solvent
 Class 1 1 (100.0) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
 Class 2 1 (100.0) 3 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4
 Class 3 1 (100.0) 3 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4
 Not Classified 0 (0.0) 2 (66.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2
a)

The denominator for each cell is the number of articles that measured that type of contaminant, as stated in Table 2.