. 2023 Aug 22;14:1221005. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1221005

Table 5.

Construct reliability.

Construct	Item	Factor loading	VIF	Cronbach’s alpha	Composite reliability	AVE	Average	SD
Attitude	AC1	0.761	2.356	0.896	0.917	0.732	3.97	1.27
	AC2	0.802	2.391
	AC3	0.894	2.801
	AC4	0.952	2.722
Morality	M1	0.680	1.285	0.640	0.818	0.699	4.69	0.97
	M1	0.680
	M2	0.967
Empathy	E1	0.912	1.564	0.750	0.888	0.799	5.07	0.93
Empathy	E2	0.876	1.564	0.750	0.888	0.799
Perceived peer’ behavior on malicious commenting	PI1	0.820	1.777	0.796	0.893	0.808	3.34	1.28
Perceived peer’ behavior on malicious commenting	PI2	0.972	1.777	0.796	0.893	0.808
Issue involvement	II1	0.954	3.367	0.912	0.958	0.919	3.54	1.50
Issue involvement	II2	0.963	3.367	0.912	0.958	0.919
Perceived maliciousness	PMC1	0.971	4.641	0.939	0.971	0.943	5.99	1.06
	PMC1	0.971
	PMC2	0.971