Table 2. Patients factors and association with 30-day mortality (univariable analysis).
| Characteristics | 30-day mortality | Crude RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No [n=60, (%)] | Yes [n=45, (%)] | |||
| Preoperative characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 1.31 (0.84–2.03) | 0.237 | ||
| 18–64 | 35 (62.5) | 21 (37.5) | ||
| ≥65 | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) | ||
| Sex | 1.11 (0.71–1.74) | 0.652 | ||
| Female | 28 (59.6) | 19 (40.4) | ||
| Male | 32 (55.2) | 26 (44.8) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≤18.49 | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | 1.31 (0.72–2.37) | 0.371 |
| 18.50–24.99 | 33 (58.9) | 23 (41.1) | 1 | |
| 25.00–29.99 | 13 (52.0) | 12 (48.0) | 1.17 (0.70–1.96) | 0.553 |
| ≥30.00 | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.66 (0.24–1.83) | 0.429 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 37 (62.7) | 22 (37.3) | 0.76 (0.49–1.20) | 0.243 |
| Coronary artery disease | 17 (50.0) | 17 (50.0) | 1.27 (0.81–1.99) | 0.31 |
| Congestive heart failure | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 1.32 (0.79–2.21) | 0.332 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 10 (55.6) | 8 (44.4) | 1.13 (0.63–2.03) | 0.684 |
| History of smoking | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) | 1.19 (0.65–2.17) | 0.592 |
| Renal impairment | 42 (55.3) | 34 (44.7) | 1.18 (0.70–2.00) | 0.053 |
| End stage renal disease | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | 0.86 (0.44–1.68) | 0.638 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (56.3) | 14 (43.8) | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 0.782 |
| Previous stroke | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) | 1.14 (0.63–2.07) | 0.676 |
| Preoperative anemia | 44 (57.9) | 32 (42.1) | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | 0.945 |
| Disseminated cancer | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0.99 (0.48–2.01) | 0.971 |
| Miscellaneous | ||||
| Preoperative blood transfusion | 13 (46.4) | 15 (53.6) | 1.40 (0.90–2.20) | 0.158 |
| Sepsis/septic shock | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 1.57 (0.95–2.62) | 0.081 |
| Preoperative vasopressor | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | 1.96 (1.32–2.92) | 0.001 |
| Preoperative abnormal ECG | 34 (50.7) | 33 (49.3) | 1.56 (0.92–2.64) | 0.099 |
| Surgical and anesthetic factors | ||||
| ASA-PS | 1.67 (1.07–2.60) | 0.024 | ||
| 1–3 | 40 (66.7) | 20 (33.3) | ||
| 4–5 | 20 (44.4) | 25 (55.6) | ||
| Surgical urgency | 1.83 (1.05–3.17) | 0.033 | ||
| Non-emergency | 28 (71.8) | 11 (28.2) | ||
| Emergency | 32 (48.5) | 34 (51.5) | ||
| Type of anesthesia | 1.17 (0.60–2.29) | 0.651 | ||
| General anesthesia | 50 (56.2) | 39 (43.8) | ||
| Other | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | ||
| Massive blood loss | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.15 (0.02–0.99) | 0.049 |
| Type of surgery | ||||
| Intra-abdominal surgery | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 0.80 (0.40–1.58) | 0.515 |
| Major vascular surgery | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 1.46 (0.83–2.56) | 0.185 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 11 (45.8) | 13 (54.2) | 1.37 (0.87–2.16) | 0.175 |
| Gastrointestinal endoscopy | 8 (57.1) | 6 (42.9) | 1.00 (0.52–1.92) | 1 |
| Intra-arrest factors | ||||
| Location | 1.69 (1.11–2.57) | 0.015 | ||
| At OR or ICU | 51 (63.0) | 30 (37.0) | ||
| Outside OR or ICU | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | ||
| CPR duration | 2.61 (1.80–3.77) | <0.001 | ||
| ≤15 minutes | 56 (68.3) | 26 (31.7) | ||
| >15 minutes | 4 (17.4) | 19 (82.6) | ||
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; ECG, electrocardiogram; ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; OR, operating room; ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.