Table 3.

Definitions of ethical standards of health equity and conceptualization for modelling each scenario.

Ethical standard of health equity	Target population	Individuals targeted	Equity criteria
Health sufficiency	High diabetes risk (≥16.5% DPoRT risk)	3.84 Million	DPoRT risk <16.5%
Health equality	Medium/high diabetes risk (≥5.0% DPoRT risk)	9.87 Million	DPoRT risk <5.0%
Social-health sufficiency	1) Below highest education level; 2) High diabetes risk (≥16.5% DPoRT risk)	3.04 Million	DPoRT risk <16.5% in individuals with Education below ‘Bachelor's degree’
Social-health equality	Below highest education level (≥6.0% DPoRT risk)	6.67 Million	DPoRT risk <6.0% in individuals with Education below ‘Bachelor's degree’

Health sufficiency: equity is ‘achieved’ when diabetes risk in the entire population is reduced below a threshold (i.e., 16.5%), beyond which remaining inequalities are not considered ethically important to eliminate.

Health equality: equity is ‘achieved’ when average diabetes risk is equalized to that observed in the lowest diabetes risk group.

Social-health sufficiency: equity is ‘achieved’ when diabetes risk co-varying with lower educational attainment is reduced below a threshold (i.e., 16.5%), beyond which remaining inequalities are not considered ethically important to eliminate.

Social-health equality: equity is ‘achieved’ when diabetes risk among those with lower educational attainment is equalized to that observed with higher educational attainment.