Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants Who Did Not Report Having a Prior EOLC at Baseline
| All Patients Eligible for Analysis n (%) | CONNECT Intervention n (%) | Standard Care n (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, N | 378 | 182 | 196 | |
| Age, mean [SD], y | 69.1 [10.3] | 68.8 [10.1] | 69.4 [10.6] | .601 |
| Sex | .519 | |||
| Female | 210 (55.6) | 98 (53.8) | 112 (57.1) | |
| Male | 168 (44.4) | 84 (46.2) | 84 (42.9) | |
| Race | .983 | |||
| White | 360 (95.2) | 174 (95.6) | 186 (94.9) | |
| Black | 14 (3.7) | 6 (3.3) | 8 (4.1) | |
| Asian | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Other | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Religious importance | .867 | |||
| Not at all important | 10 (2.6) | 6 (3.3) | 4 (2.0) | |
| Not too important | 37 (9.8) | 20 (11.0) | 17 (8.7) | |
| Fairly important | 96 (25.4) | 46 (25.3) | 50 (25.5) | |
| Very important | 231 (61.1) | 108 (59.3) | 123 (62.8) | |
| Declined/No answer | 4 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Education level | .027 | |||
| Less than high school | 26 (6.9) | 15 (8.2) | 11 (5.6) | |
| High school diploma or GED | 160 (42.3) | 90 (49.5) | 70 (35.7) | |
| Some college/college degree | 158 (41.8) | 61 (33.5) | 97 (49.5) | |
| Graduate/Postgraduate degree | 30 (7.9) | 14 (7.7) | 16 (8.2) | |
| Declined/No answer | 4 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Current marital status | .431 | |||
| Never married | 25 (6.6) | 10 (5.5) | 15 (7.7) | |
| Married | 222 (58.7) | 104 (57.1) | 118 (60.2) | |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 127 (33.6) | 67 (36.8) | 60 (30.6) | |
| Declined/No answer | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Ability to manage on current income | .732 | |||
| Cannot make ends meet | 22 (5.8) | 10 (5.5) | 12 (6.1) | |
| Just manage to get by | 133 (35.2) | 67 (36.8) | 66 (33.7) | |
| Have enough with a little extra | 142 (37.6) | 71 (39.0) | 71 (36.2) | |
| Money is not a problem | 62 (16.4) | 27 (14.8) | 35 (17.9) | |
| Declined/No answer | 19 (5.0) | 7 (3.8) | 12 (6.1) | |
| Duration receiving care from current oncologist | .351 | |||
| <1 mo | 21 (5.6) | 13 (7.1) | 8 (4.1) | |
| 1–6 mo | 113 (29.9) | 56 (30.8) | 57 (29.1) | |
| 6 mo–1 y | 69 (18.3) | 29 (15.9) | 40 (20.4) | |
| 1–2 y | 70 (18.5) | 39 (21.4) | 31 (15.8) | |
| 2–5 y | 64 (16.9) | 28 (15.4) | 36 (18.4) | |
| >5 y | 39 (10.3) | 16 (8.8) | 23 (11.7) | |
| Declined/No answer | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Cancer type | .937 | |||
| Genitourinarya | 46 (12.2) | 22 (12.1) | 24 (12.2) | |
| Brain | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Breast/Gynecologicb | 71 (18.8) | 36 (19.8) | 35 (17.9) | |
| Gastrointestinalc | 74 (19.6) | 33 (18.1) | 41 (20.9) | |
| Hepatobiliaryd | 37 (9.8) | 15 (8.2) | 22 (11.2) | |
| Head and neck | 7 (1.9) | 4 (2.2) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Lung | 132 (34.9) | 68 (37.4) | 64 (32.7) | |
| Melanoma | 5 (1.3) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Sarcoma | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Other | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| ECOG performance status | <.001 | |||
| 0 | 104 (27.5) | 33 (18.1) | 71 (36.2) | |
| 1 | 222 (58.7) | 123 (67.6) | 99 (50.5) | |
| 2 | 52 (13.8) | 26 (14.3) | 26 (13.3) | |
| Symptom burden (ESAS), mean [SD] | 23.9 [15.7] | 24.7 [15.6] | 23.2 [15.8] | .374 |
Abbreviations: EOLC, end-of-life conversation; ESAS, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System.
a
Kidney, prostate, urethral.
b
Ovarian, endometrial.
c
Stomach, esophageal, colon, rectal.
d
Gallbladder, liver, pancreas.