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. 2023 Aug 22;11:1251425. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251425

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

An overview of 4D printing technology and its applications. AM, Additive Manufacturing; FDM, Fused Deposition Modeling; SLA, stereolithography apparatus; SLM, Selective laser melting; DED, Direct energy deposition; DIW, Direct-Ink-Writing.