Table 2. Procedural data and devices.

Parameters	Group 1: VSD at patch margin (n=22)	Group 2: Additional mVSD (n=15)	P value
Procedure time (min)	106 [80–160]	132 [102–157]	0.189
Fluoroscopy time (min)	30.8 [13–54]	38.8 [33.8–44]	0.441
Contrast volume (mL/kg)	4.5 [2.3–7.4]	5 [3.5–10]	0.354
Residual VSD diameter (mm)	6 [4.8–7]	5 [4–7]	0.593
QP/QS	1.6 [1.5–2.3]	1.5 [1.5–2.7]	0.827
Systolic PAP (mmHg)	35 [30–49]	52 [46–59]	0.015
Mean PAP (mmHg)	22 [20–32]	32 [29–39]	0.007
LVEDP (mmHg)	13 [10–15]	14 [11–17]	0.417
Subaortic rim (mm)	6 [5–9], minimum 4 mm	18 [15–21]	<0.001
Approach			0.098
Retrograde	14 (63.6)	5 (33.3)
Antegrade	5 (22.7)	9 (60.0)
Arteriovenous loop	1 (4.5)	1 (6.7)
Antegrade + retrograde	2 (9.1)	–
Type of devices used, (n)*
ADO I	0	2
ADO II	15	4
Amplatzer muscular occluder	6	4
Amplatzer septal occluder	6	1
Vascular plug IV	1	5
ASD cribriform	0	3
MFO VSD	1	0
Vascular coil	1	0
Another procedure during the same catheterization
MAPCA closure	1 (4.5)	1 (6.7)	0.688
COA balloon dilatation	1 (4.5)	0
Pulmonary valvuloplasty	1 (4.5)	0
Mitral valve balloon dilation	1 (4.5)	0
Bronchial stenting	1 (4.5)	0
ICU stay (days)	2 [0–27]	0.5 [0–39]	0.964
Hospital stay (days)	3 [2–45]	4.5 [3–113]	0.660
Mortality	2 (9.1)	1 (6.7)	0.791

Data are shown as median [25th–75th percentile] or n (%). *, the total number of devices used. VSD, ventricular septal defect; mVSD, muscular ventricular septal defect; QP/QS, pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; LVEDP, left ventricle end diastolic pressure; ADO, Amplatzer duct occluder; ASD, atrial septal defect; MFO, multifunctional occluder; MAPCA, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries; COA, coarctation of the aorta; ICU, intensive care unit.