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. 2023 Sep 5;23:634. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03355-7

Table 4.

Two-by-two table of perceived esthetic needs and professionally assessed esthetic needs in different age groups

Age Perceived esthetic need Professionally assessed esthetic need p value* Overestimation % Underestimation %
Negative Positive
18–25 Yes 3 2 0.0833 50 100
No 3 0
26–35 Yes 6 4 0.1573 40 66.67
No 9 2
36–45 Yes 4 5 0.4142 44.44 71.43
No 5 2
> 45 Yes 9 20 0.6171 64.29 74.07
No 5 7

*For 2-by-2 tables, Bowker’s test is equivalent to McNemar’s test (P ≤ 0.05)