Table 5.

Two-by-two table of perceived esthetic needs and professionally assessed esthetic needs by different educational levels

Education level	Perceived esthetic need	Professionally assessed esthetic need		p value*	Overestimation %	Underestimation %
		Negative	Positive
Primary	Yes	12	17	0.1573	52.17	73.91
	No	11	6
High school	Yes	7	10	0.2059	53.85	76.92
	No	6	3
Higher education	Yes	3	4	0.6547	37.5	66.67
	No	5	2

*For 2-by-2 tables, Bowker’s test is equivalent to McNemar’s test (P ≤ 0.05)