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. 2023 Aug 22;17:1230428. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428

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Copyright © 2023 Bouâouda and Jha.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of MCH system. MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta project to metabolic relevant and sleep-wake controlling nuclei (Burdakov et al., 2005; Torterolo et al., 2009; Lagos et al., 2012; Benedetto et al., 2013; Jego et al., 2013; Monti et al., 2016; Costa et al., 2018; Kroeger et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020). BF, basal Forebrain; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; Hipp, hippocampus; ME, median eminence; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmentum; LDT, laterodorsal tegmentum; LC, locus coeruleus; TMN, tuberomammillary nucleus; vLPAG/LPT, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter and lateral pontine tegmentum; VLPO, ventrolateral preoptic area; MS, medial septum; SLD/NPO, sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus and nucleus pontis oralis; MCH, melanin-concentrating hormone neurons. Sleep and metabolic-relevant nuclei are color-coded and excitatory and inhibitory inputs are arrow represented.