TABLE 1.
Summary of studies that investigated the role of MCH system in food intake and metabolism.
| Experiment | Species | Food intake | Plasma glucose level | Plasma insulin level | Plasma leptin level | References |
| Acute ICV infusion of MCH | Rats (long-Evans) | Increased (regular diet) | – | – | – |
Qu et al., 1996
Sahu, 1998 Della-Zuana et al., 2002 |
| Rats (Sprague-Dawley) | Increased (regular diet) | – | – | – | ||
| Rats (Wistar; Sprague-Dawley) | Increased (regular diet) | – | – | – | ||
| Chronic ICV infusion of MCH | Rats (Wistar; Sprague-Dawley) | Increased (regular diet) | – | – | – |
Della-Zuana et al., 2002 Gomori et al., 2003; Glick et al., 2009 Gomori et al., 2003; Ito et al., 2003 |
| Mice (C57BL/6J) | Slight increase (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | Increased (regular diet) | ||
| Mice (C57BL/6J) | Increased (moderate high fat diet) | Increased (moderate high fat diet) | Increased (moderate high fat diet) | Increased (moderate high fat diet) | ||
| Genetic overexpression of MCH | Transgenic mice (FVB MCH-OE) | Increased (high fat diet) | Increased (High fat diet) | Increased (high fat diet) | Increased (high fat diet) | Ludwig et al., 2001 |
| Mch gene knockout | Transgenic mice (Mch–/–) | Decreased (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) |
Shimada et al., 1998
Segal-Lieberman et al., 2003 Kokkotou et al., 2005 Jeon et al., 2006 |
| Transgenic mice (Mch–/–/ob/ob) | Hyperphagic (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | Increased (regular diet) | – | ||
| Transgenic mice (Mch–/–/C57BL/6J) | No significant changes (regular diet and high fat diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
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| Transgenic mice (Mch–/–/129) | Increased (regular diet and high fat diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet and high fat diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
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| Transgenic mice (Aged Mch–/–) | No significant changes (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | – | ||
| MCH neurons ablation | Transgenic mice (MCH/ataxin-3) | Decreased (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) |
Alon and Friedman, 2006
Izawa et al., 2022 |
| Transgenic mice (MCH/ataxin-3/ob/ob) | – | Decreased (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | ||
| Transgenic mice (MCH-tTA; TetO-DTA) | No significant changes (regular diet) | – | – | – | ||
| MCH1-receptors deletion | Transgenic mice (Mch1r–/–) | Increased (regular diet) Decreased (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) | Decreased (regular diet) | Marsh et al., 2002 |
| Insulin receptors inactivation on MCH neurons | Transgenic mice IRΔ MCH mice | No significant changes (regular diet and high fat diet) | No significant changes (regular diet) Improved pyruvate tolerance (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet) Improved insulin sensitivity (high fat diet) |
No significant changes (regular diet and high fat diet) | Hausen et al., 2016 |
| Chemoactivation of MCH neurons | Rats (Sprague-Dawley) | Increased (regular diet) | – | – | – | Noble et al., 2018 |