Fig. 5.

Restoration of circular smooth muscle activity in nNOS^−/− mouse colon by transplantation of ENSC-ChR2 cells. A–A″ Representative traces of mechanical response of colonic smooth muscle to BLS. Sham-operated nNOS^−/− colon showed no response to BLS A whereas BLS induced a biphasic response characterized by initial relaxation followed by a rebound contraction in mice with transplantation of ChR2 NS (A′–A″, A″ is magnified view of blue box shown in A′). B and C Quantification of BLS-induced relaxation (area under curve) and rebound contraction (maximum effects are shown as absolute change from basal values). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Numbers of animals are shown in parentheses. **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05