Table 2.

Equations for estimating the proportion of individuals in each stage of the continuum at any given time point during study follow-up

Primary stages
Diagnosed with HIV but not yet linked to care	P(D) = 1-R1(x)-R2(x)
Linked to care but ART naïve	P(C) = R2(x)-R3(x)-R4(x)
On ART but virally non-suppressed	P(A) = R4(x)- R5(x)-R6(x)
Virally suppressed	P(S) = R6(x)-R7(x)
Absorbing stages
Suboptimal care outcome before linkage to care	P(L1) = R1(x)
Suboptimal care outcome after linkage but before ART initiation	P(L2) = R3(x)
Suboptimal care outcome after ART but before viral suppression	P(L3) = R5(x)
Suboptimal care outcome after viral suppression	P(L4) = R7(x)

Abbreviations: ART- antiretroviral treatment