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. 2023 Sep 4;21:226. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01223-z

Table 3.

International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) [97]

Stages Clinical description
0 Conservative treatment of patient
I Enucleated eye, complete resection histologically
II Enucleated eye, microscopic residual tumour
IIIa Extends regionally, overt orbital disease
IIIb Extends regionally, pre-auricular or cervical lymph node extension
Iva Metastatic haematogenous
1. single lesion
2. multiple lesion
IVb Extends to CNS
1. pre-chiasmatic lesion
2. CNS mass
3. leptomeningeal and cerebrospinal fluid disease