Figure 5.

(A) Schematic illustration of the current research strategy for cartilage tissue engineering. It consists of chitosan modification with BMPS following by addition of β-GP as a physical Crosslinker together with KGN as a small biomolecule for chondrogenesis promotion of hAMSCs. The resulting mixture is injectable at 25 °C which gels upon temperature enhancement to 37 °C. Reproduced with permission from (Dehghan-Baniani et al., 2020). ©elsivier; (B) Schematic illustrations of synthesis pathways of (top) GelMA macromolecule and (bottom) KGN-loaded GelMA-CS@KGN composite hydrogel. Reproduced with permission from (Zhang et al., 2022) ©frontiers; (C) Schematic diagram of the SDFP and KGN co-loaded HPCH for cartilage regeneration for stem-cell recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation. Reproduced with permission from (Yuan et al., 2023) ©elsivier; (D) Fabrication of Col-Apt@KGN MPs functional hydrogel. Reproduced with permission from (Dai et al., 2023). © the royal society of chemistry 2023.