Table 1.

The common detection methods and characteristics of kartogenin.

Methods	Characteristics					Refs.
1H NMR	(DMSO-d6, δ, ppm) 7.36 (tt, 1H), 7.47 (tt, 2H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.66 (m, 5H), 7.81 (dt, 2H), 7.91 (dd, 1H), 10.45 (brs, 1H, NH); 13.05(brs, 1H, COOH). The chemical shifts of the 13 hydrogen atoms connected with benzene ring are at 6.0-7.0 ppm. So far, no attribution of the chemical shifts of these hydrogen atoms has been reported.					(Johnson et al., 2012)
	(CDCl3) δ: 8.02-7.99 (m, 2H, CH): 7.85-7.81 (m, 2H, CH), 7.77-7.73 (m, 2H, CH); 7.76-7.56 (m, 2H, CH); 7.54-7.47 (m, 4H, CH); 7.43-7.39 (m, 1H, CH); These 13 hydrogens are all of benzene rings					(Massaro et al., 2019)
	Prominent resonance peaks at δ = 7.3–7.9 ppm for protons of the benzene ring substituted with dicarboxylic acid.					(Hu et al., 2017; Kang et al., 2014)
13C NMR	(DMSO-d6, δ, ppm) 163.9, 139.0, 136.2, 133.1, 132.4, 129.1, 128.5, 120.5, 118.3, 113.8, 20.5.					(Johnson et al., 2012)
MS	(ESI+) [M + H]+ m/z(318.1130) C20H16NO3+ (318.352)					(Johnson et al., 2012)
	(ESI-) [M - H]- m/z(316.1039) C20H14NO3- (316.336)					(Hu et al., 2017)
FTIR	3056 cm−1 H-C = C stretching; 1787 cm−1 HO-C = O stretching; 1702 cm−1 H2N-C = O stretching; 1494 cm−1 C = C stretching; 1531 cm−1 C = C bending; 1710 cm−1 C = O stretching; 1650 cm−1 C-N stretching.					(Massaro et al., 2019; Kang et al., 2016; Yang, Zheng et al., 2019)
UV–Vis	λmax = 261 nm					(Massaro et al., 2019)
HPLC	Column	Solvent	Wavelength	Flow rate	Retention time
	C18	Acetonitrile/water (v:v = 35:65) + 0.1% formic acid	274nm	1mL/min		(Kang et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2016)
	C18	Gradient, A: acetonitrile + 0.1% H3PO4; B: water + 0.1% H3PO4	280nm	0.4 mL/min	21min	(Zhang et al., 2017)
XRD	High specific peak is at 5.7° on the 2θ scale.					(Maudens et al., 2018)
DSC	Endothermic event (Tm)-melting temperature = 198 °C.					(Maudens et al., 2018)