Table 1.
Summary of recent studies comparing the risk of cancers in people with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). When estimates from multiple studies are reported, data are presented as a range of effect estimates. When estimates come from a single study, they are reported as effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
| Cancer type | Diagnosis at any age | Pediatric-onset | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal |
IBD, IRRs: 1.1–1.8 (18–20) OR: 1.78 (1.57, 2.02) (21) HR: 1.95 (1.65, 2.30) (22) CD, IRRs: 1.6–1.7 (18,23) UC, IRRs: 1.6–1.7 (18,23) |
IBD, IRR: 20.29 (17.20, 25.90) (24) | Most studies show statistically significant increased risk among persons with IBD. |
| Small intestine |
IBD,
IRR: 7.4 (5.6, 9.8) (20) OR: 6.6 (4.7, 9.4) (21) CD, HR: 19.7 (10.5, 36.7) |
IBD, IRR: 16.2 (3.5, 74.7) (24) | Most studies show statistically significant increased risk among persons with IBD. |
| Lymphoma |
IBD, IRRs: 1.4–2.0 (20) CD, IRR: 2.4 (1.8, 3.2) (25) |
IBD, IRR: 3.1 (1.9, 5.1) (24) | Meta-analyses showed statistically significant increased risk among persons with IBD, but many individual population-based studies were varied. |
| Melanoma |
IBD, IRRs: 1.2–1.3 (20,26) OR: 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) (21) HR: 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) (27) CD, IRRs 1.4–1.8 (28,29) ORs: 1.1–5.2 (28) UC, IRRs: 1.1–1.2 (28) OR: 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) (28) |
IBD, IRR: 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) (24) | Studies show statistically significant increased risk among individuals with pediatric-onset IBD. |
| Non-melanoma skin cancer |
IBD, IRRs: 1.5–1.6 (26,30) OR: 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) (21) CD, IRR: 2.3 (1.4, 3.8) (25) UC, IRR: 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) (25) |
IBD, IRR: 3.6 (2.0, 6.7) (24) | Most studies have shown a modest association of IBD with melanoma. |
| Cervical |
IBD, OR: 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) (21) CD, IRRs: 1.3–1.6 (20,25,31) UC, IRRs: 0.6–1.0 (20,25) |
Inconsistent increased risk of cervical cancer. | |
| Hepatobiliary |
IBD, IRR: 2.5 (1.8, 3.5) (20) OR: 7.4 (5.6, 9.8) (21) CD, IRRs: 1.8–5.2 (32) UC, IRRs: 0.7–5.6 (32–34) |
IBD, IRR: 55.5 (19.6, 157.0) (24) | Most studies show statistically significant increased risk among persons with IBD. |
| Lung |
IBD, OR: 4.0 (3.5, 4.6) (21) CD, IRRs: 1.5–1.8 (20,25,33) UC, IRR: 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) (33) |
Studies generally show statistically significant increased risk among persons with Crohn’s disease but not ulcerative colitis. | |
| Breast | IBD, IRR: 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) (20) OR: 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) (21) | Studies generally show no association between IBD and breast cancer. | |
| Prostate | IBD, IRR: 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) (20) OR: 0.6 (0.6, 0.7) (21) | Studies generally show no association between IBD and risk of prostate cancer. |
Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.