(A) A simplified model showing how exposed ssDNA attracts RPA molecules, which recruit many DNA damage response proteins including ATR/ATRIP, the 9-1-1 clamp, MRN, ETAA1 and TOPBP1 to the stalled replication fork. (B) Without ssDNA, RPA molecules are not associated with the dimeric BTR complex because of the relatively weak affinity between RPA70N and the interacting sequences in the BTR complex. (C) Multiple RPA molecules nucleate on ssDNA, the increased avidity of RPA70N promotes BTR peptides to bind, and some bound peptides in turn promote RPA70N association by interacting with two RPA70N molecules simultaneously.