Table 3.

The effects and mechanisms of microRNAs in regulating macrophages.

MicroRNAs	Effects	Mechanisms	References
miR-204	Prevented foam cell formation	Upregulated NFATc3 to reduce SR-A and CD36 levels	[46, 52]
miR-181a-3p/5p	Delayed plaque formation	Reduced proinflammatory gene expression and macrophage infiltration	[24]
miR-155	Activated NLRP3 inflammasome	Blocking the ERK1/2 pathway	[51]
miR-10a	Promoted mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in macrophages	Promoted Dicer/miR-10a-dependent metabolic reprograming	[48]
miR-210	Reduced ROS production and necroptosis	Upregulated the HIF-1α level	[49]
miR-383	Reduced energy consumption and increased cell survival	Blocked the targeting of Parg protein	[49]
miR-155-5p	Mitigated vascular inflammation	Stimulated CTRP12 production	[47]
miR-368a	Promoted reverse cholesterol transport	Reduced SIRPA expression	[50]
miR-216a	Activated telomerase	Inhibited the Smad3/NF-κB signaling pathway	[53]

NFATc3, nuclear factor of activated T cells 3; SR-A, the class A macrophage scavenger receptors; CD36, fatty acid translocase; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α; CTRP12, C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 12; SIRPA, signal regulatory protein alpha; Smad3, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 3; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB.