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. 2023 Aug 29;2023:2561509. doi: 10.1155/2023/2561509

Table 5.

MicroRNAs as clinical biomarkers with therapeutic potential in the AS.

MicroRNAs Cellular process Cell type Down- or upregulated References
miR-654-3/5p Apoptosis and inflammatory response Endothelial cells [13, 77, 78]

miR-409-3p Senescence Endothelial cells [13, 79]

miR-933 Oxidative stress and inflammatory response Endothelial cells [16, 80]

miR-122 Plaque stabilization Endothelial cells [81, 82]

miR-92 Cholesterol buildup, inflammatory response Endothelial cells [83]
Foam cell formation Macrophages [84]

miR-211-5p Inflammatory response Macrophages [14, 85]

miR-675-3p Adipogenesis and glucose metabolic Macrophages [15, 86, 87]

miR-16 Inflammatory response Macrophages [88, 89]

miR-155 Foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux Macrophages [90]

miR-191-3p Platelet activation and fibrous cap thinning Smooth muscle cells [16, 63, 91]

miR-425-3/5p Migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation Vascular smooth muscle cells [16, 92]

miR-34 Vascular aging and inflammatory response Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells [93, 94]
Inflammatory response Endothelial cells [95]

miR-29 Vascular endothelial injury Endothelial cells [96]
Proliferation and migration Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells [97]

miR-21 Plaques vulnerability Macrophages [98]
Proliferation and migration Vascular smooth muscle cells [99]