Table 2.
Top 10 countries by absolute and relative volume of published surgical randomized trials
| Top 10 by absolute volume of surgical RCTs* | Top 10 by relative volume of surgical RCTs per 10 million inhabitants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | 1999 (n = 300) | 2009 (n = 450) | 2019 (n = 438) | Rank | 1999 (n = 300) | 2009 (n = 450) | 2019 (n = 438) |
| 1 | USA 65 (21.7) | USA 52 (11.6) | China 81 (18.5) | 1 | Denmark 23.9 | Finland 19.0 | Finland 23.5 |
| 2 | Italy 31 (10.3) | China 40 (8.9) | USA 50 (11.4) | 2 | Finland 17.1 | Netherlands 10.8 | Netherlands 15.8 |
| 3 | UK 30 (10.0) | UK 39 (8.7) | Japan 36 (8.2) | 3 | Sweden 15.5 | Ireland 10.6 | Denmark 10.4 |
| 4 | Japan 24 (8.0) | Italy 37 (8.2) | Netherlands 27 (6.2) | 4 | Netherlands 8.0 | Sweden 9.9 | Switzerland 9.3 |
| 5 | Germany 21 (7.0) | Germany 34 (7.6) | Korea 20 (4.6) | 5 | Australia 5.8 | Switzerland 9.1 | Norway 9.3 |
| 6 | Sweden 14 (4.7) | Japan 26 (5.8) | Egypt 18 (4.1) | 6 | Switzerland 5.5 | Austria 7.3 | Sweden 8.0 |
| 7 | Denmark 13 (4.3) | Turkey 26 (5.8) | Italy 16 (3.7) | 7 | Italy 5.4 | Greece 6.5 | Estonia 7.5 |
| 8 | Netherlands 13 (4.3) | India 19 (4.2) | UK 15 (3.4) | 8 | UK 5.1 | UK 6.2 | Lithuania 7.2 |
| 9 | Australia 11 (3.7) | Netherlands 18 (4.0) | Spain 15 (3.4) | 9 | Singapore 4.6 | Italy 6.0 | Bahrain 6.09 |
| 10 | Finland 9 (3.0) | Egypt 15 (3.3) | Finland 13 (3.0) | 10 | Greece 4.5 | Norway 4.2 | Bosnia 6.05 |
*Values are n (%).