Table 2.

Sample Stimuli across Senses

	Setup	Question	Response	Question	Response
Unknown
See	Hide a crayon or marker in hand.	Do you know what color the crayon in my hand is?	No.	Why don’t you know?	Because I can’t see it.
	Show child a picture of preferred character on your phone. Do not let (person) see.	Does (person) know who this is?	No.	Why doesn’t (person) know?	Because (person) can’t see it.
	Experimenter facing in the opposite direction from the child. Have child pick out a toy without showing you.	Do I know which toy you are holding?	No.	Why don’t I know?	Because you can’t see it.
Taste	Take a bite out of a breakfast cracker (do not let the learner see the packaging of the crackers or the flavor).	Do you know if my crackers have a blueberry or a grape flavor?	No.	Why don’t you know?	Because I can’t taste it.
	Give the child something to drink with (person) in the room.	Does (person) know what flavor your drink is?	No.	Why doesn’t (person) know?	Because (person) can’t taste it.
	Dip a pretzel stick in a sauce (maybe guacamole, ranch, or cheese sauce). Then, pop the pretzel in the learner’s mouth.	Do I know if the sauce is spicy?	No.	Why don’t I know?	Because you can’t taste it.
Feel	Bring child into the bathroom and turn on the faucet (don't let child see what knob you turned on).	Do you know if the water is hot or cold?	No.	Why don't you know?	Because I can’t feel it.
	Give the learner a damp towel.	Does (person) know if the towel is wet or dry?	No.	Why doesn’t (person) know?	Because (person) can’t feel it.
	Give the learner a bag and have him put whatever toys they want to place in it. Do not watch them place the toys in the bag. Then have the learner zip up the bag.	Do I know if the bag of toys will be heavy or light?	No.	Why don’t I know?	Because you can’t feel it.
Hear	Whisper to another person in front of the child and make sure the child cannot hear.	Do you know what I am saying to (person)?	No.	Why don’t you know?	Because I can’t hear it.
	Play music on a low volume while a third person is in another room.	Does (person) know we are playing music?	No.	Why doesn’t (person) know?	Because (person) can’t hear it.
	Have the learner turn on a radio station while wearing headphones or earbuds.	Do I know if the radio station is on a commercial break?	No.	Why don’t you know?	Because you can’t hear it.
Smell	Bring novel scented lotion and have parent smell it, do not let the child smell it.	Do you know if my lotion is a minty or sweet scent?	No.	Why don’t you know?	Because I can’t smell it.
	Stand far away from (person) but still in view.	Does (person) know if I am wearing perfume right now?	No.	Why doesn't (person) know?	Because (person) can’t smell it.
	Instruct the learner to smell a vanilla candle (ensure that the lid is off).	Do I know what type of candle you have?	No.	Why don’t I know?	Because you can’t smell it.
Known
See	Hold an object up in front of the learner.	Do you know how many fingers I’m holding up?	Yes.	How do you know?	Because I can see it.
	(Person) looking at something on their phone.	Does (person) know what picture is on their phone?	Yes.	How does (person) know?	Because (person) can see it.
	Turn the light on in the oven without the learner seeing it.	Do I know if the light is on in the oven?	Yes.	How do I know?	Because you can see it.
Taste	Tell child to close their eyes and have them taste a familiar food.	Do you know what food this is?	Yes.	How do you know?	Because I can taste it.
	(Person) is sucking on a lollipop.	Does (person) know what flavor the lollipop is?	Yes.	How does (person) know?	Because (person) can taste it.
	Have a third person pop a chip into your mouth.	Do I know if this chip has a cheesy or spicy flavor?	Yes.	How do I know?	Because you can taste it.
Feel	Give the child a paper towel to wipe their hands with.	Do you know if the paper towel is wet or dry?	Yes.	How do you know?	Because I can feel it.
	(Person) picks up a closed box.	Does (person) know if the box is heavy or light?	Yes.	How does (person) know?	Because (a person) can feel it.
	Pick a leaf off a tree or bush outside and then crush it in your hand. Make sure the learner observes this.	Do I know if this leaf is sticky?	Yes.	How do I know?	Because you can feel it.
Hear	Say, “That’s refreshing” after you take a sip of water.	Do you know if I am saying “That’s refreshing” after I drink my water?	Yes.	How do you know?	Because I can hear it.
	(Person) is standing right outside the door but is not looking inside the room. Child claps.	Does (person) know what you are doing?	Yes.	How does (person) know?	Because (person) can hear it.
	Hand the learner your phone and play a classical song at a low volume in which there is no singing (instrumental). Then, stand at a distance from the phone and learner.	Do I know if someone is singing in the song?	Yes.	How do I know?	Because you can hear it.
Smell	Place a piece of mint candy near the learner’s nose (but do not let the learner see it).	Do you know if this is a mint or sour candy?	Yes.	How do you know?	Because I can smell it.
	Have (person) close their eyes and smell oranges.	Does (person) know what food this is?	Yes.	How does (person) know?	Because (person) can smell it.
	Wear a hat for a couple of minutes then cover your face with the hat.	“Do I know if this hat has a scent like my hair?”	Yes.	How do I know?	Because you can smell it.