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. 2023 Sep 5;14:5401. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41111-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The chart shows the relationship between attitudes and behavior for all the hand audit data (Panel a) and separately for the Economist (Panel b) and Psychologist (Panel c) published authors in our sample, who we validated the behavior of during our hand audit. The chart shows attitudes and behavior for two open sciences practices: posting data or code online (left side of the panel) and pre-registering hypotheses or analyses (right side of the panel). Each bar represents published authors who stated that they were more or less supportive of the open science practice, with green indicating more support for the practice and red colors indicating less support for the practice. The height of the bar then displays the proportion of authors (i.e., the mean) with this attitude toward the open science practice who have done the practice previously, as found in our audit. 95% Confidence Intervals are shown by the black whiskers on top of the bar. The number on top of the panel shows the total number of authors who have this attitude toward the practice.