Fig. 1. Quantum simulation of Chern insulators on a 30-qubit-ladder superconducting processor.

a Schematic of the superconducting quantum processor, where 30 superconducting qubits constitute a ladder. Each qubit, coupled to an independent readout resonator (R), has an independent microwave line for XY and Z controls. b Mapping the 2D Hofstadter model to various configurations of Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) chains with a Fourier transformation (FT) along the y-axis with M sites. c Qubits' frequencies for the synthesis of a series of AAH chains with different values of ϕ and $b=\frac{1}{3}$. d, e Experimental waveform sequences for the dynamic band structure spectroscopy (d) and the single-particle quantum walks (QWs) (e).