Fig. 2.

Short- and long-term changes in white matter lesion volumes. Individual and mean line plots per group are presented. A) Robust linear mixed effects models, corrected for age, showed a transient increase in deep white matter lesion volume (for n = 274 observations from 114 participants). B) Longitudinal analysis of FLAIR images showed increased lesion volumes were mainly due to enlargement of existing lesions, rather than development of new ones. Abbreviations: C+, breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy; C-, chemotherapy-naïve breast cancer patients; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scan; HC, healthy controls; T0, time point before chemotherapy; T1, time point after surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy; T2, time point one year after ending chemotherapy for C+ patients; and at matched interval timepoints for HC and C- patients; WM = white matter. p_FDR<0.01**, <0.001***, full purple line = C+ significant time effects.