Table 3.
Differences by Treatment Group in Feasibility, Acceptability, Product Side Effects, Smoking Behavior, Nicotine Dependence, and Adherence.
| Variable | NicoBloc® | Lozenge | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week | n total | M (SD) | n total | M (SD) | Cohen’s d | p | |
| Treatment Expectanciesa | |||||||
| Positive | BL | 21 | 5.32 (1.22) | 23 | 4.59 (1.16) | 0.61 | 0.05* |
| Week 4 | 16 | 4.96 (1.50) | 17 | 5.29 (2.06) | 0.18 | 0.52 | |
| Week 8 | 16 | 4.98 (1.54) | 15 | 5.78 (1.35) | 0.55 | 0.14 | |
| Week 12 | 14 | 4.69 (1.58) | 14 | 5.52 (1.78) | 0.49 | 0.20 | |
| M1FU | 13 | 4.49 (1.16) | 13 | 5.62 (1.68) | 0.78 | 0.06 | |
| Negative | BL | 21 | 2.38 (1.47) | 24 | 2.13 (1.5) | 0.17 | 0.58 |
| Week 4 | 16 | 2.46 (1.56) | 17 | 1.92 (1.19) | 1.12 | 0.27 | |
| Week 8 | 16 | 1.77 (1.18) | 15 | 1.84 (1.28) | 0.06 | 0.16 | |
| Week 12 | 14 | 1.86 (1.07) | 14 | 1.69 (1.1) | 0.41 | 0.68 | |
| M1FU | 13 | 2.28 (1.45) | 13 | 1.69 (1.38) | 1.06 | 0.30 | |
| Treatment Satisfactionb | Week 12 | 13 | 62.69 (8.46) | 12 | 69.67 (0.65) | 1.14 | 0.01** |
| M1FU | 13 | 63.62 (7.04) | 12 | 64.67 (17.25) | 0.08 | 0.20 | |
| Symptom Side Effectsc | Week 2 | 17 | 63.59 (23.99) | 18 | 69.61 (48.70) | 0.46 | 0.65 |
| Week 3 | 16 | 67.88 (34.50) | 17 | 68.47 (53.87) | 1.93 | 0.06 | |
| Week 4 | 16 | 57.62 (15.73) | 17 | 56.29 (21.78) | 0.07 | 0.84 | |
| Week 8 | 16 | 59.31 (27.06) | 15 | 57.20 (27.98) | 0.08 | 0.21 | |
| Week 12 | 14 | 60.86 (25.68) | 14 | 58.78 (28.07) | 0.20 | 0.84 | |
| Cigarettes Per Day | Week 1 | 17 | 12.1 (6.96) | 20 | 12.9 (6.86) | 0.12 | 0.73 |
| Week 2 | 15 | 9.8 (5.09) | 18 | 8.9 (4.55) | 0.19 | 0.60 | |
| Week 3 | 16 | 8.7 (5.45) | 17 | 7.1 (3.11) | 0.36 | 0.30 | |
| Week 4 | 16 | 8.0 (5.31) | 17 | 5.7 (4.02) | 0.49 | 0.17 | |
| Week 8 | 13 | 6.7 (5.31) | 14 | 4.6 (2.46) | 0.51 | 0.19 | |
| Week 12 | 12 | 5.9 (5.14) | 12 | 3.0 (1.69) | 0.76 | 0.08 | |
| M1FU | 13 | 7.0 (5.15) | 9 | 3.2 (2.04) | 0.91 | 0.05* | |
| Cigarette Dependence | BL | 21 | 5.86 (2.13) | 24 | 5.54 (2.02) | 0.15 | 0.61 |
| (FTCD)d | Week 8 | 16 | 3.69 (1.99) | 15 | 2.73 (1.71) | 0.52 | 0.16 |
| Week 12 | 14 | 3.79 (1.81) | 14 | 2.29 (1.94) | 0.80 | 0.04* | |
| M1FU | 13 | 3.61 (2.40) | 13 | 2.23 (1.92) | 0.63 | 0.12 | |
| Smoking Urges (QSU; | Week 1 | 18 | −10.17 (11.46) | 20 | −14.50 (19.00) | 0.27 | 0.41 |
| Post QSU-Pre QSU)e | Week 2 | 17 | −11.47 (12.41) | 18 | −7.50 (7.37) | 0.39 | 0.25 |
| Week 3 | 16 | −9.25 (14.07) | 17 | −4.71 (13.05) | 0.33 | 0.34 | |
| Week 4 | 16 | −1.75 (5.60) | 17 | −0.65 (5.06) | 0.21 | 0.56 | |
| Nicotine Withdrawal | Week 1 | 18 | −3.67 (5.02) | 20 | −6.20 (6.29) | 0.44 | 0.18 |
| (MWS; Post MWS-Pre | Week 2 | 17 | −3.18 (5.08) | 18 | −4.11 (4.34) | 0.20 | 0.56 |
| MWS)f | Week 3 | 16 | −5.06 (7.59) | 17 | −2.29 (3.77) | 0.47 | 0.19 |
| Week 4 | 16 | −0.63 (2.92) | 17 | −0.82 (3.09) | 0.06 | 0.86 | |
| Brief Wisconsin | BL | 21 | 49.31 (14.64) | 24 | 45.74 (16.03) | 0.23 | 0.44 |
| Inventory of Smoking | Week 8 | 16 | 34.26 (13.20) | 15 | 29.45 (13.20) | 0.36 | 0.32 |
| Dependence Motives | Week 12 | 14 | 39.38 (15.31) | 14 | 25.15 (10.80) | 1.07 | 0.01** |
| (WISDM) g | M1FU | 13 | 36.61 (15.14) | 13 | 21.65 (12.35) | 1.08 | 0.01* |
| Variable | Week | n at BL | n dropped (%) | n at BL | n dropped (%) | Cramer’s V | RR | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weekly attrition | Week 1 | 21 | 3 (14.3%) | 24 | 3 (12.5%) | 0.03 | 1.14 | 0.86 |
| (Cumulative) | Week 2 | 21 | 4 (19.0%) | 24 | 6 (25.0%) | 0.07 | 0.76 | 0.63 |
| Week 3 | 21 | 5 (23.8%) | 24 | 7 (29.2%) | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.69 | |
| Week 4 | 21 | 5 (23.8%) | 24 | 7 (29.2%) | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.69 | |
| Week 8 | 21 | 5 (23.8%) | 24 | 9 (37.5%) | 0.15 | 0.63 | 0.32 | |
| Week 12 | 21 | 7 (33.3%) | 24 | 10 (41.7%) | 0.09 | 0.80 | 0.57 | |
| M1FU | 21 | 8 (38.1%) | 24 | 11 (45.8%) | 0.08 | 0.83 | 0.60 | |
| Variable | Week | n Total | % | n Total | % | Cramer’s V | RR | p |
| Percent of Days 80% Product Adherent | Week 2 | 15 | 53.3% | 17 | 60.8% | 0.55 | 0.88 | 0.29 |
| Week 3 | 14 | 83.7% | 16 | 64.8% | 0.33 | 1.29 | 0.53 | |
| Week 4 | 16 | 82.5% | 12 | 70.5% | 0.36 | 1.17 | 0.44 | |
| Week 8 | 13 | 75.3% | 14 | 58.8% | 0.77 | 1.28 | 0.31 | |
| Week 12 | 12 | 93.5% | 12 | 50.1% | 0.77 | 1.87 | 0.16 | |
| Percent of Participants 80% Product Adherence for Study Duration | Week 2– Week 12 | 17 | 70.6% | 19 | 36.8% | 0.34 | 1.92 | 0.04* |
| Point-Prevalence Abstinent | Week 4 | 16 | 0% | 17 | 0% | - | - | - |
| Week 8 | 16 | 0% | 15 | 13.3% | 0.27 | 0 | 0.13 | |
| Week 12 | 13 | 0% | 14 | 21.4% | 0.34 | 0 | 0.08 | |
| M1FU | 13 | 0% | 13 | 15.4% | 0.29 | 0 | 0.14 |
Note: ns vary due to missing data. RR = Relative Risk (Lozenge is reference).
p values < 0.05,
p values < 0.01,
7-item Likert scale where 1 = “Strongly Disagree” and 7 = “Strongly Agree.”
10-item scale where higher scores indicate more satisfaction with the study treatment.
37-item survey with items rated on a 7-point Likert scale where 1 = “Not at all” to 7 = “Very much.”
6-item measure with higher scores indicating more cigarette dependence.
10-item measure with items rated on a 7-point Likert scale where 1 = “Strongly Disagree” and 7 = “Strongly Agree.”
8-item measure with items rated on a 5-point Likert scale where 1 = “None” and 5 = “Severe.”
37-item survey with items rated on a 7-point Likert scale where 1 = “Not true of me at all” and 7 = “Extremely true of me.”