. 2023 Sep 5;13:14612. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41743-9

Table 3.

Intestinal histology and Intestinal Health Index of broilers at 21 and 28 days of age.

Treatments¹	21 days				28 days
Treatments¹	Villus height	Crypt depth	V:C	ISI	Villus height	Crypt depth	V:C	ISI
Control	869^abc	188^a	5.03^c	15.39^a	950^bc	155^ab	6.98^b	9.84^ab
OFS_0.75	899^ab	176^ab	5.79^a	12.97^c	985^b	153^ab	7.27^a	9.17^abc
OFP_1.0	854^bc	170^b	5.61^ab	13.37^bc	937^cd	166^a	6.47^ab	10.18^a
OFP_1.5	904^a	174^ab	5.71^a	11.91^c	1043^a	163^a	7.20^a	8.60^bc
Sal	785^d	175^ab	4.94^c	14.85^ac	869^ef	140^b	7.05^b	8.54^bc
SAL_VIR	736^e	168^b	4.76^c	13.21^ab	846f.	152^ab	6.27^b	6.72^d
Sal_OFS_0.5	825^cd	169^b	5.33^b	15.48^a	902^de	162^a	6.40^ab	8.90^abc
Sal_OFP_1.0	801^d	174^ab	5.11^b	15.70^a	987^b	162^a	6.90^ab	7.77^d
SEM	116.7	50.38	1.4	0.10	106.87	30.80	1.6	0.05
P-value²	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.004	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.009	< 0.0001

Means of 10 birds per treatment. Birds will be challenged orally at 14 days of placement with a coccidiosis inoculum.

SEM standard errors of the mean.

¹NC: without AGP or another additive, 2 PC: virginiamycin 16 ppm and salinomycin 66 ppm, PC2: salinomycin 66 ppm, NC_FOP_1.5: NC + functional oil powder, NC_FOS_0.75: NC + functional oil spray, PC2_FOP_1: PC2 + functional oil powder, PC2_FOS_0.5: PC2 + functional oil spray (PC2_FOS_0.5), NC_FOP_1: NC + functional oil powder.

²Probabilities, means with different letters differ statistically by Tukey 0.05%.