Table 2.
Summary characteristics of the included studies assessing bio-aerosols.
| Author(s) | Country | Number of participants | Type of study | Type of aerosol mitigation intervention | Method of aerosol assessment | Type of microorganism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Amad et al 2017 | United Arab Emirates | 52 | RCT | Rubber dam | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Ashokkumar et al 2023 | India | 45 | RCT | Mouth rinses (CHX and herbal formulation) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Das et al 2022 | India | 80 |
RCT | Mouth rinses (no rinse group, water, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, herbal mouthwash) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Desarda et al 2014 | India | 80 | RCT | HVE | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Devker et al 2012 | India | 90 | CCT | HVE and mouth rinses (bis-biguanide) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Feres et al 2010 | Brazil | 60 | RCT | Mouth rinses (0.05 percent cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.12 percent chlorhexidine, water, no rinsing) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Fine et al 1992 | America | 18 | RCT | Mouth rinses (antiseptic mouthwash, 5% hydroalcohol control rinse) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Fine et al 1993 | America | 18 | RCT | Mouth rinses | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Gupta et al 2014 | India | 24 | RCT | Mouth rinses (0.2% CHX gluconate, herbal mouthwash and water) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Hallier et al 2010 | BRITISH | 2 | RCT | Air cleaning system | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Holloman et al 2015 | America | 50 | RCT | HVE (Isolite Systems and SE) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Jawade et al 2016 | India | 30 | RCT | Different ultrasonic liquid (distilled water, 2% povidone iodine and 0.12% CHX) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| King et al 1997 | America | 12 | CCT | HEPA filter | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Logothetis et al 1995 | America | 18 | RCT | Mouth rinses (chlorhexidine, antiseptic mouthwash, water) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Mamajiwala et al 2018 | India | 60 | RCT | Irrigant through DUWL (chlorhexidine (CHX), cinnamon (CIN)) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Muzzin et al 1999 | 30 | RCT | aerosol reduction device | bacterial culture | Bacterial | |
| Nayak et al 2020 | India | 30 | RCT | Mouth rinses (0.2% CHX gluconate, Befresh™ herbal mouthwash and water) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Nisha et al 2021 | India | 90 | RCT | Mouth rinses (0.12% CHX, 0.75% BA and water) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Nisha et al 2022 | India | 90 | RCT | Mouth rinses (0.12% chlorhexidine, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, distilled water) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Paul et al 2020 | India | 60 | RCT | Mouth rinses (94.5% aloe vera to 0.2% CHX gluconate and 1% povidone–iodine) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Prasanth et al 2010 | India | N/A | CCT | HVE with sterile water, distilled water, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Reddy et al 2012 | India | 30 | RCT | Mouth rinses (sterile water, non-tempered chlorhexidine, tempered chlorhexidine) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Retamal-Valdes et al 2017 | Brazil | 60 | RCT | Mouth rinses (cetylpyridinium chloride, zinc lactate and sodium fluoride, water, 0.12% CHX digluconate) | Bacterial culture and checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization | Bacterial |
| Santa et al 2022 | Brazil | N/A | CCT | Individual biosafety capsule in dentistry | Bacterial culture | Bacterial and virus |
| Santos et al 2014 | Brazil | 23 | RCT | Mouth rinses (distilled water, 0.12% chlorhexidine) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Sethi et al 2019 | India | 60 | RCT | Ultrasonic coolant (distilled water, chlorhexidine, cinnamon extract) | bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Shetty et al 2013 | India | 60 | CCT | Mouth rinses (CHX digluconate, tea tree oil or distilled water) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Takenaka et al 2022 | Japan | 10 | RCT | HVE and mouth rinses | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
| Toroğlu et al 2001 | Turkey | N/A | CCT | Mouth rinsed (CHX) | Bacterial culture | Bacterial |
BA: boric acid; CCT: controlled clinical trials; CHX: chlorhexidine; EOSD: extra-oral suction device; HEPA: high-efficiency particulate air; HSS: high-speed suction; HVE: high-volume evacuators; N/A: not applicable; RCT: randomized controlled trials; SE: saliva ejector.