Fig 3.

Dietary sources of total and groups of emulsifier intakes among study participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 2009-21 (n=95 442). Groups of emulsifiers were defined as (European codes) total phosphates (E339, E340, E341, E343, E450, E451, E452), total lactylates (E481, E482), total polyglycerol esters of FAs (E475, E476), total monoglycerides and diglycerides of FAs (E471, E472, E472a, E472b, E472c, E472e), total celluloses (E460, E461, E464, E466, E468), total carrageenans (E407, E407a), total alginates (E400, E401, E402, E404, E405), and total modified starches (E14xx). Also see supplementary eTable1. FAs=fatty acids; NA=not applicable