Table 2. Association of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Flare-Ups Requiring Hospitalization and Vaccines Exposure According to Age and 60-Day Time Window.
| Patients, No. (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At-risk time windows | Control time windows | |||
| All age groups | n = 31 712 | n = 116 901 | NA | NA |
| Any vaccine | 731 (2.31) | 2683 (2.30) | 1.00 (0.93-1.09) | 1.00 (0.92-1.09) |
| Any vaccine, femalesb | 488 (2.22) | 1810 (2.23) | 1.00 (0.90-1.10) | 1.00 (0.90-1.10) |
| Any vaccine, malesc | 243/9758 (2.49) | 873/35 796 (2.44) | 1.02 (0.88-1.18) | 1.02 (0.88-1.18) |
| DTPPHi vaccined | 210 (0.66) | 798 (0.68) | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) | 0.95 (0.82-1.11) |
| Influenza vaccine | 431 (1.36) | 1634 (1.40) | 0.97 (0.87-1.08) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09) |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 81 (0.26) | 244 (0.21) | 1.22 (0.96-1.56) | 1.20 (0.94-1.55) |
| Age group | ||||
| ≤18 y | n = 318 | n = 1081 | NA | NA |
| Any vaccine | 15 (4.72) | 53 (4.90) | 0.96 (0.59-1.57) | 0.96 (0.58-1.61) |
| 18-34 y | n = 6075 | n = 22 414 | NA | NA |
| Any vaccine | 101 (1.66) | 314 (1.40) | 1.19 (0.94-1.51) | 1.19 (0.94-1.51) |
| 35-69 y | n = 23 553 | n = 86 736 | NA | NA |
| Any vaccine | 448 (1.90) | 1760 (2.03) | 0.94 (0.84-1.04) | 0.94 (0.84-1.04) |
| ≥70 y | n = 1766 | n = 6670 | NA | NA |
| Any vaccine | 167 (9.46) | 556 (8.34) | 1.15 (0.95-1.39) | 1.15 (0.95-1.39) |
Abbreviation: DTPPHi, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae.
a
Adjusted for visits with a general practitioner or specialist, occurrence of any hospitalization for reasons other than MS, and receipt of other vaccines.
b
Total No. of female patients for at-risk time and control time windows was 21 954 and 81 105, respectively.
c
Total No. of male patients for at-risk time and control time windows was 9758 and 35 796, respectively.
d
Any DTPPHi vaccine, including DTPPHi plus hepatitis B combination.