Table 2.

Sample Descriptive of the PINE Study at Baseline.

Characteristics (Range)	Mean ± SD/%
Cognitive tests
C-MMSE (0–30)	25.42 ± 4.53
EBMT (0–11)	7.47 ± 2.70
EBDR (0–11)	7.04 ± 2.99
SDMT (0–80)	29.71 ± 11.96
DB (0–12)	5.03 ± 2.38
Activity engagement
Reading (0–17)	7.13 ± 5.10
Social (0–12)	4.44 ± 2.40
Games (0–8)	0.83 ± 1.54
Perceived neighborhood characteristics
Neighborhood cohesion (−1.1 to 2.8)	.03 ± . 78
Neighborhood disorder (0–22)	4.08 + 4.09
SOC (19–58)	40.89 ± 5.36
Sociodemographics
Age (59–103)	72.81 ± 8.30
Education (0–26)	8.71 ± 5.05
Income (1–10)	1.93 ± 1.11
Self-rated good, very good health (0–1)	38.74%
Years living in neighborhood (0.1–63)	12.05 ± 10.86
Years living in the United States (0.1–90)	20.02 ± 13.18
Female (0–1)	57.97%
Married (0–1)	70.93%

Note. N = 2,713. C-MMSE = Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination; EBDR = East Boston Memory Test–Delayed Recall; EBMT = East Boston Memory Test–Immediate Recall; SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test; DB = Digit Span Backwards; PINE = Population Study of Chinese Elderly; SOC = sense of community. Global cognition was a summary of z-scored five cognitive tests. Episodic memory was a summary of EBMT and EBDR. Perceptual speed and working memory were from SDMT and DB, respectively.