. 2023 Sep 6;22:305. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01466-8

Table 3.

Pre-test and post-test mean values of Burnout, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion in MBI and control groups

Scale Subcategories	MBI Group							Control Group						Pre-test		Post-test		Cohen’s d (effect size)
	Pre-test		Post-test		t₂	p	Cohen’s d (effect size)	Pre-test		Post-test		t₂	p	Pre-test		Post-test		Cohen’s d (effect size)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t₂	p	MBI group (Pre vs. Post test)	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t₂	p	t₁	p	t₁	P	Post test (MBI vs. control)
MBI-HSS
Emotional Exhaustion	31.77	8.88	15.47	4.44	11.041^*	< 0.001^*	4.101	33.37	10.68	32.43	8.87	0.418	0.679	0.631	0.531	9.366^*	< 0.001^*	1.912
Depersonalization	10.67	6.96	5.43	3.68	3.584^*	0.001^*	1.331	12.30	6.68	12.13	5.98	0.099	0.922	0.927	0.358	5.224^*	< 0.001^*	1.120
Personal Achievement ^a	25.87	8.33	39.60	3.70	10.370*	< 0.001*	3.851	25.30	5.21	26.03	5.51	0.491	0.627	0.316	0.753	11.202*	< 0.001*	2.463
FFMQ
Observing	25.93	3.81	27.93	4.0	2.484^*	0.019^*	5.268	24.53	2.99	24.17	3.16	0.446	0.659	1.582	0.119	4.046^*	< 0.001^*	1.190
Describing	23.93	2.29	30.0	2.80	8.671^*	< 0.001^*	0.923	24.67	4.16	23.27	3.31	1.544	0.133	0.847	0.401	8.501^*	< 0.001^*	2.033
Acting with Awareness	25.50	3.85	32.23	2.08	9.085^*	< 0.001^*	3.220	25.97	4.12	24.33	3.25	1.627	0.115	0.453	0.652	11.211^*	< 0.001^*	2.431
Non-judging	22.03	3.93	25.97	2.94	4.476^*	< 0.001^*	3.374	21.50	4.47	22.30	3.54	0.666	0.511	0.491	0.626	4.360^*	< 0.001^*	1.037
Non-reactivity	19.90	3.92	20.90	2.80	1.216	0.234	1.662	19.53	4.07	20.33	3.44	0.854	0.400	0.355	0.724	0.700	0.486	0.166
Total FFMQ ^b	117.30	7.86	137.03	5.93	14.184^*	< 0.001^*	0.452	116.20	8.06	114.40	7.44	0.755	0.456	0.535	0.594	13.027^*	< 0.001^*	3.042
SCS
Self-kindness	15.33	2.68	18.23	2.27	4.443^*	< 0.001^*	4.858	16.33	2.48	16.63	2.88	0.384	0.704	1.499	0.139	2.389^*	0.020^*	0.556
Self-judgment	14.0	3.14	17.57	1.61	6.410^*	< 0.001^*	1.650	15.27	3.27	16.23	2.56	1.319	0.197	1.531	0.131	2.417^*	0.019^*	0.523
Common humanity	12.50	1.96	15.20	1.69	6.723^*	< 0.001^*	2.381	11.70	2.20	12.03	2.53	0.619	0.541	1.487	0.142	5.780^*	< 0.001^*	1.253
Isolation	12.20	2.63	15.13	1.66	5.757^*	< 0.001^*	2.497	11.60	1.79	11.07	2.15	1.067	0.295	1.032	0.307	8.212^*	< 0.001^*	1.888
Mindfulness	13.20	2.96	14.30	1.37	1.699	0.100	2.138	12.87	2.29	12.83	2.12	0.070	0.944	0.488	0.214	3.185^*	0.003^*	0.693
Over- identified	10.83	2.21	14.07	2.05	5.747^*	< 0.001^*	0.631	11.60 ±	2.50	10.20 ±	2.23	2.269^*	0.031^*	1.258	0.214	6.984^*	< 0.001^*	1.735
Total SCS ^b	78.07	4.57	94.50	3.83	13.080^*	< 0.001^*	2.134	79.37	4.57	79.0	4.57	0.295	0.770	1.102	0.275	14.235^*	< 0.001^*	3.392

MBI Mindfulness Interventions Group, MBI-HSS Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, FFMQ Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, SCS Self-Compassion Scale, ^a Scored in opposite direction emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, ^b Items with negative responses were reversed for total FFMQ & SCS score calculation, t₁: Student t-test for comparing between study and control in each pre and post-intervention, t₂: Paired t-test comparing between pre and post-intervention in each study and control, *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05, Cohen’s d: Small effect at < 0.5, Medium effect at 0.5- < 0.8, Large effect at > 0.8