Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, loss of income, and financial difficulty in acquiring food during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, 2022–2023 (n = 360)
| Variables | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 207 | 57.5 |
| Female | 151 | 41.9 |
| Transgender person | 2 | 0.6 |
| Race/Color | ||
| Black/Brown | 205 | 56.9 |
| White | 52 | 14.4 |
| Yellow | 51 | 14.2 |
| Indigenous | 42 | 11.7 |
| No declaration | 10 | 2.8 |
| Age | ||
| From 18 to 29 years old | 104 | 28.9 |
| 30 to 59 years old | 248 | 68.9 |
| 60 years or older | 8 | 2.2 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Single | 195 | 54.2 |
| Married or in a stable union | 147 | 40.8 |
| Divorced or legally separated | 13 | 3.6 |
| Widowed | 5 | 1.4 |
| Occupation/Employment | ||
| Unemployed | 174 | 48.3 |
| Informal/secret | 57 | 15.8 |
| Self-employed | 42 | 11.7 |
| Private employee | 37 | 10.3 |
| Micro Entrepreneur | 20 | 5.6 |
| Public employee | 7 | 1.9 |
| Student | 7 | 1.9 |
| Domestic employee | 2 | 0.6 |
| Entrepreneur | 1 | 0.3 |
| Farmer Family | 1 | 0.3 |
| Others | 12 | 3.3 |
| Resides in a territory of social vulnerability | ||
| Yes | 338 | 93.9 |
| No | 22 | 6.1 |
| Housing | ||
| Shelter | 160 | 44.4 |
| Rented | 154 | 42.8 |
| Owned | 23 | 6.4 |
| Sold | 15 | 4.2 |
| Street | 7 | 1.9 |
| Other | 1 | 0.3 |
| Schooling | ||
| Secondary incomplete or complete | 173 | 48.1 |
| Elementary School incomplete or complete | 92 | 25.6 |
| College incomplete or more | 80 | 22.2 |
| No schooling | 15 | 4.2 |
| Monthly family income | ||
| No income | 150 | 41.7 |
| Less than 1 minimum wage | 113 | 31.4 |
| From 1 to 2 minimum wages | 51 | 14.2 |
| I prefer not to inform | 17 | 4.7 |
| Above 3 minimum wages | 12 | 3.3 |
| I do not know | 9 | 2.5 |
| From 2 to 3 minimum wages | 7 | 1.9 |
| NAa | 1 | 0.3 |
| Receives some government assistance | ||
| Yes | 56 | 15.6 |
| No | 304 | 84.4 |
| Uses SUS | ||
| Yes | 333 | 92.5 |
| No | 26 | 7.2 |
| NAa | 1 | 0,3 |
| Has a chronic illness | ||
| Yes | 314 | 87,2 |
| No | 45 | 12.5 |
| NAa | 1 | 0.3 |
| Lost income during the COVID-19 pandemic | ||
| Had no income | 102 | 28.3 |
| Partially lost | 91 | 25.3 |
| I totally lost | 91 | 25.3 |
| Did not lose | 67 | 18.6 |
| I prefer not to answer | 8 | 2.2 |
| NAa | 1 | 0.3 |
| Did you have or do you have financial difficulty to buy food during the pandemic of COVID-19? | ||
| I have always had financial difficulty | 159 | 44.2 |
| I had no financial difficulty and now I have | 77 | 21.4 |
| I never had financial difficulties | 58 | 16.1 |
| I had financial difficulty and no longer have any | 43 | 11.9 |
| I prefer not to answer | 23 | 6.4 |
| Compared to the period before COVID-19, how have you felt most of the time? | ||
| I am more agitated, anxious or tense | ||
| No | 283 | 78.6 |
| Yes | 77 | 21.4 |
| I am more irritated | ||
| No | 310 | 86.1 |
| Yes | 50 | 13.9 |
| I am sadder, more discouraged, or cry more easily | ||
| No | 296 | 82.2 |
| Yes | 64 | 17.8 |
| I am lonelier | ||
| No | 310 | 86.1 |
| Yes | 50 | 13.9 |
| Had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 before or after the vaccination | ||
| No | 281 | 78.0 |
| Yes | 79 | 22.0 |
aNA No Answer