Figure 2.

The schematic diagram illustrates the regulation of osteoclast function by Lf. Lf inhibits osteoclastogenesis in two ways. Firstly, it lowers the RANKL/OPG ratio by acting on osteoblastic cells. Secondly, it directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis through its anti-inflammatory effect, which prevents downstream signaling following RANKL binding to RANK. Moreover, Lf’s ability to scavenge free radicals also inhibits the generation of ROS involved in osteoclastogenesis. Image is made using the Biorender Software.