Table 1. Descriptive statistics for boys and girls (with survey weights).
| Boys | Girls | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of respondents | 1,602 | 1,388 | |||
| Mean/% | S.D. | Mean/% | S.D. | ||
| Suicidal ideation (%) | 18.5 | 37.7 | *** | ||
| Number of best friends (0–7) | 5.3 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 2.0 | ** |
| Gender heterogeneity of peer groups (%) | 21.9 | 23.1 | |||
| Academic achievement heterogeneity of peer groups (%) | 78.7 | 77.9 | |||
| Social class heterogeneity of peer groups (%) | 53.5 | 45.6 | *** | ||
| I have someone to discuss my concerns (%). | 95.0 | 94.8 | |||
| Relationship with best friends (all: 1–5 scale) | |||||
| I feel ashamed to talk about my problems with them. | 1.9 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.0 | ** |
| I feel lonely even while spending time with them. | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.0 | *** |
| I feel anger due to them. | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.1 | *** |
| They do not care about my sorrow. | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
| Good relationship with father (1–5) | 4.3 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 1.0 | |
| Good relationship with mother (1–5) | 4.6 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 0.7 | |
| Good relationship between father and mother (1–5) | 4.2 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.9 | |
| Loneliness (1–5) | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.2 | *** |
| Bullied (%) | 5.0 | 6.1 | |||
| Bullying (%) | 10.4 | 3.1 | *** | ||
| Drinking ever (%) | 25.4 | 17.2 | *** | ||
| Smoking within a week (%) | 6.6 | 1.1 | *** | ||
| Sexual intercourse ever (%) | 3.2 | 1.3 | *** | ||
| Stress from conflicts with parents (1–5) | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.3 | *** |
| Stress from parental interference (1–5) | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.2 | |
| Stress from lack of understanding by parents (1–5) | 2.2 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.3 | *** |
| Stress from bad grades (1–5) | 2.6 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 1.3 | *** |
| Stress from assignments or exams in school (1–5) | 2.9 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 1.3 | *** |
| Club activities (1–5) | 3.3 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 1.4 | * |
| Participation in religious services (1–5) | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.4 | |
| Volunteering activities (1–5) | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.3 | *** |
| Participation in civic activities (1–5) | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | |
| Celebs fan club (1–5) | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 1.5 | *** |
| Gaming (1–5) | 3.1 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.3 | *** |
| Workout days a week (0–7) | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.7 | *** |
| Sleep time (Centered on group means: middle and high school, each) | 0.1 | 1.2 | -0.2 | 1.2 | *** |
| Self-reported health (1–5) | 4.2 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | *** |
| Visit to a pharmacy within two weeks (%) | 26.9 | 32.6 | *** | ||
| Hospitalization within a year (%) | 10.0 | 5.4 | *** | ||
| Middle schoolers: ref. high schoolers (%) | 42.0 | 42.8 | |||
| Academic achievement (1–3) | 2.05 | 2.04 | |||
| Social class (1–3) | 1.86 | 0.5 | 1.94 | 0.4 | *** |
Note. For categorical variables, percentages are presented. For continuous variables, means and SDs are presented.
*** p<0.001
** p<0.01
* p<0.05