Table 1.
General characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Before Overlap weighting adjustment | After Overlap weighting adjustment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gout | Control | Standardized Difference |
Gout | Control | Standardized Difference |
|
| Age (years;mean, SD) | 61.0 (9.7) | 61.0 (9.8) | 0.00 | 61.0 (6.8) | 61.0 (6.8) | 0.00 |
| Age (years; n, %) | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| 40–44 | 590 (2.62) | 590 (2.62) | 286 (2.62) | 286 (2.62) | ||
| 45–49 | 2058 (9.15) | 2058 (9.15) | 988 (9.06) | 988 (9.06) | ||
| 50–54 | 3553 (15.81) | 3553 (15.81) | 1717 (15.74) | 1717 (15.74) | ||
| 55–59 | 4571 (20.33) | 4571 (20.33) | 2219 (20.35) | 2219 (20.35) | ||
| 60–64 | 3899 (17.34) | 3899 (17.34) | 1898 (17.41) | 1898 (17.41) | ||
| 65–69 | 3144 (13.99) | 3144 (13.99) | 1531 (14.03) | 1531 (14.03) | ||
| 70–74 | 2392 (10.64) | 2392 (10.64) | 1160 (10.64) | 1160 (10.64) | ||
| 75–79 | 1436 (6.39) | 1436 (6.39) | 701 (6.43) | 701 (6.43) | ||
| 80–84 | 648 (2.88) | 648 (2.88) | 315 (2.89) | 315 (2.89) | ||
| 85+ | 189 (0.84) | 189 (0.84) | 90 (0.83) | 90 (0.83) | ||
| Sex (n, %) | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Male | 17,800 (79.18) | 17,800 (79.18) | 8,600 (78.85) | 8,600 (78.85) | ||
| Female | 4680 (20.82) | 4680 (20.82) | 2,307 (21.15) | 2,307 (21.15) | ||
| Income (n, %) | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3231 (14.37) | 3231 (14.37) | 1575 (14.44) | 1575 (14.44) | ||
| 2 | 2747 (12.22) | 2747 (12.22) | 1334 (12.23) | 1334 (12.23) | ||
| 3 | 3455 (15.37) | 3455 (15.37) | 1678 (15.39) | 1678 (15.39) | ||
| 4 | 4750 (21.13) | 4750 (21.13) | 2295 (21.05) | 2295 (21.05) | ||
| 5 (highest) | 8297 (36.91) | 8297 (36.91) | 4024 (36.90) | 4024 (36.90) | ||
| Region of residence (n, %) | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Urban | 9563 (42.54) | 9563 (42.54) | 4643 (42.57) | 4643 (42.57) | ||
| Rural | 12,917 (57.46) | 12,917 (57.46) | 6263 (57.43) | 6263 (57.43) | ||
| BMI(kg/m2, mean, SD) | 24.8 (2.9) | 23.9 (2.9) | 0.29 | 24.4 (2.0) | 24.3 (2.0) | 0.06 |
| Obesity† (n, %) | 0.27 | 0.00 | ||||
| Underweight | 302 (1.34) | 567 (2.52) | 194 (1.77) | 194 (1.77) | ||
| Normal | 5663 (25.19) | 7824 (34.80) | 3246 (29.77) | 3246 (29.77) | ||
| Overweight | 6221 (27.67) | 6353 (28.26) | 3106 (28.48) | 3106 (28.48) | ||
| Obese I | 9328 (41.49) | 7168 (31.89) | 4006 (36.73) | 4006 (36.73) | ||
| Obese II | ||||||
| Smoking status (n, %) | 0.05 | 0.00 | ||||
| Non-smoker or Past smoker | 17,390 (77.36) | 17,862 (79.46) | 8,559 (78.48) | 8,559 (78.48) | ||
| Current smoker | 5090 (22.64) | 4618 (20.54) | 2,347 (21.52) | 2,347 (21.52) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | 0.10 | 0.00 | ||||
| <1 time a week | 10,927 (48.61) | 12,030 (53.51) | 5571 (51.08) | 5571 (51.08) | ||
| ≥1 time a week | 11,553 (51.39) | 10,450 (46.49) | 5335 (48.92) | 5335 (48.92) | ||
| SBP (mmHg; Mean, SD) | 129.42 (16.73) | 126.94 (16.07) | 0.15 | 128.15 (11.46) | 128.15 (11.32) | 0.00 |
| DBP (mmHg; Mean, SD) | 80.19 (10.97) | 78.63 (10.41) | 0.15 | 79.39 (7.50) | 79.39 (7.33) | 0.00 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL; Mean, SD) | 102.11 (27.52) | 102.11 (29.65) | 0.00 | 102.13 (19.97) | 102.13 (19.93) | 0.00 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL; Mean, SD) | 199.72 (39.83) | 196.31 (37.48) | 0.09 | 197.93 (27.24) | 197.93 (26.45) | 0.00 |
| CCI score (score; Mean, SD) | 0.84 (1.54) | 0.72 (1.50) | 0.07 | 0.78 (1.02) | 0.78 (1.10) | 0.00 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL; Mean, SD) | 14.28 (1.51) | 14.34 (1.43) | 0.04 | 14.31 (1.05) | 14.31 (1.01) | 0.00 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 1666 (7.41) | 1433 (6.37) | 0.04 | 787 (7.22) | 711 (6.52) | 0.03 |
| Ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 1644 (7.31) | 1219 (5.42) | 0.08 | 773 (7.09) | 608 (5.57) | 0.06 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 432 (1.92) | 256 (1.14) | 0.06 | 206 (1.89) | 127 (1.17) | 0.06 |
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.
†Obesity was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 to < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 to < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 to < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II) based on body mass index (kg/m2).