Table 2. Surgical outcomes before and after adoption of the simulation training program and during the COVID pandemic.

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	p
	Before Simulation	After Simulation	During COVID
CNO	21.1% (19/90)	6.4% (03/47)	7.1% (01/14)	0.0443
Conversion	7.8% (07/90)	4.3% (02/47)	0%	0.6656
Major complication	8.9% (08/90)	0%	0%	0.0769
Redo Pyeloplasty	4.4% (04/90)	2.1% (01/47)	7.1% (01/14)	0.4288
Surgical Time - mean	200.0min (SD 58.2)	177.4min (SD 59.1)	160.1min (SD 49.6)	0.0127
LOS - median	5.0	3.0	3.0	0.0040

CNO = Combined negative outcome (Conversion, Major Complication or Redo Pyeloplasty); LOS = Length of Stay; SD = Standard deviation