Table 3:

Association of patient subgroup based on coexisting conditions with clinical outcomes after multivariable adjustment^*

Subgroup	OR (95% CI)			Coefficient (95% CI)
	In-hospital death	ICU admission	30-day readmission	Median length of stay
Low comorbidity	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
DM-HF-Pulm	1.35 (1.12–1.61)	2.19 (1.79–2.67)	1.57 (1.14–2.16)	1.67 (1.34–2.01)
Pulmonary	0.85 (0.63–1.14)	1.42 (1.16–1.74)	1.19 (0.81–1.76)	0.41 (0.02–0.80)
Diabetes	0.67 (0.50–0.89)	1.12 (0.99–1.28)	1.02 (0.71–1.47)	0.25 (0–0.49)
Heart failure	1.66 (1.35–2.03)	1.82 (1.45–2.30)	1.32 (1.02–1.71)	1.30 (0.80–1.79)
Dementia	1.57 (1.05–2.35)	0.87 (0.68–1.12)	1.28 (0.96–1.70)	1.23 (0.74–1.72)
Cancer	3.12 (2.44–3.99)	1.20 (0.76–1.88)	1.41 (1.16–1.70)	1.18 (0.82–1.54)

Note: Coeff = coefficient in quantile regression; CI = confidence interval; DM-HF-Pulm = patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure and chronic lung disease; ICU = intensive care unit; OR = odds ratio; Ref. = reference category.

^*Results for in-hospital death, ICU admission and 30-day readmission are from binary logistic regression analysis. Results for length of stay are from quantile regression. Each subgroup was defined as a binary variable and compared with the low comorbidity subgroup as a reference. We adjusted models for patient age, sex, hospital, arrival to hospital from a long-term care facility, arrival to hospital by ambulance and Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score (LAPS). Age and LAPS were modelled using nonlinear splines.