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. 2023 Jul 12;16(4):226–233. doi: 10.14740/gr1636

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Copyright 2023, Zhao et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The mRNA expression on the M1 macrophage (a) and M2 macrophage (b) polarization in the gastric mucosa. Group 1: control group with health subjects; group 2: chronic atrophic gastritis patients without H. pylori infection; group 3: H. pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis patients. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the means of these indexes, then the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test was used to determine where the differences were existed between each two groups. *P < 0.05 compared with the group 1. ^#P < 0.05 compared with the group 2.