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. 2023 Aug 1;15(8):4154–4171. doi: 10.21037/jtd-23-270

Table 8. Univariable and multivariable risk factors for death.

Variables Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis
HR 95% CI P value HR 95% CI P value
Age 0.974 0.930–1.019 0.254
Age ≤6 months 2.264 0.372–13.779 0.375
Weight 0.906 0.548–1.496 0.699
Weight ≤8 kg 1.495 0.250–8.963 0.660
Gender (male =0) 0.705 0.116–4.296 0.704
LVEF <0.6 before surgery 0.846 0.140–5.112 0.855
Annular diameter/BSA before surgery 1.018 0.975–1.063 0.422
LAD/BSA before surgery 1.017 0.993–1.041 0.168
LVEDD/BSA before surgery 0.997 0.966–1.029 0.872
LVSDD/BSA before surgery 0.992 0.941–1.045 0.765
LVEDVI before surgery 0.999 0.986–1.013 0.895
LVESVI before surgery 1.010 0.985–1.036 0.441
Double-orifice MV technique 43.047 5.843–317.13 0.00002 39.319 3.653–423.213 0.002
Concomitant procedure 1.826 0.202–16.530 0.592
Without annuloplasty 54.722 0.031–96818.99 0.294
Mixed mitral valve pathology 2.469 0.406–15.006 0.326
Isolated MR diseases 0.032 0.000005–219.308 0.444
MR combined with CHD diseases 1.397 0.233–8.386 0.714
MS diseases 2.110 0.341–13.073 0.422
MV reoperation 13.181 2.191–79.293 0.005 8.764 1.354–56.751 0.023
Severe MV regurgitation before surgery 2.120 0.345–13.032 0.417
Severe MV regurgitation at first 24 h after first surgery 14.422 2.026–102.653 0.008 10.856 1.285–91.682 0.028
Surgical era (2013 to 2016) 1.284 0.181–9.119 0.803

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BSA, body surface area; LAD, left atrium diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVSDD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDVI (LVEDV/BSA), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVESVI (LVESV/BSA), left ventricular end-systolic volume index; MV, mitral valve; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; CHD, congenital heart diseases; MS, mitral valve stenosis.