Table 1. The search strategy and exclusion/inclusion criteria.

Items	Specifications
Database	PsychInfo, EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid)
Search strategy	“sleep* onset” OR “sleep* initiation” OR “wake/sleep transition*”)] AND [detect* or assess* or measure* or estimate*
Limits	Year: 1970–2022; species: human; age: >18 years; only in English

*, used with distinctive word stems allows variations of a term with less typing to be retrieved.