Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | ALL (n=275) | Peak VO2 <16 mL/kg/min (n=90) | Peak VO2 ≥16 mL/kg/min (n=185) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 58.20±10.52 | 63.20±11.05 | 55.77±9.35 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 253 (92.00) | 77 (85.56) | 176 (95.14) | 0.006 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 24.88±3.07 | 25.37±3.41 | 24.64±2.87 | 0.066 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 135 (49.09) | 52 (57.78) | 83 (44.86) | 0.044 |
| Diabetic mellitus | 85 (30.90) | 34 (37.78) | 51 (27.57) | 0.086 |
| Smoker | 168 (61.09) | 52 (57.78) | 116 (62.70) | 0.432 |
| Type of myocardial infarction, n (%) | ||||
| STEMI | 151 (54.90) | 50 (55.56) | 101 (54.59) | 0.881 |
| Anterior wall MI | 72 (26.18) | 23 (25.56) | 49 (26.49) | 0.869 |
| TIMI level 0 | 109 (39.64) | 39 (43.33) | 70 (37.84) | 0.382 |
| Incomplete revascularization | 123 (44.73) | 51 (56.67) | 72 (38.92) | 0.005 |
| Number of implanted stents, n (%) | 0.120 | |||
| 1 | 191 (69.45) | 56 (62.22) | 135 (72.97) | |
| 2 | 66 (24.00) | 25 (27.78) | 41 (22.16) | |
| ≥3 | 18 (6.55) | 9 (10.00) | 9 (4.86) | |
| Laboratory data, mean ± SD | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 142.66±16.42 | 138.38±17.05 | 144.74±15.73 | 0.002 |
| TC, mg/dL | 5.23±1.29 | 5.10±1.33 | 5.29±1.27 | 0.271 |
| TG, mg/dL | 1.92±1.43 | 1.86±1.15 | 1.95±1.55 | 0.616 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 3.41±1.12 | 3.33±1.20 | 3.45±1.08 | 0.393 |
| HA1c, % | 6.51±1.52 | 6.83±1.85 | 6.36±1.31 | 0.015 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 93.80±21.08 | 83.96±21.21 | 98.58±19.33 | <0.001 |
| BNP, pg/mL, median [IQR] | 80 [28–183] | 114.5 [40–337] | 72 [22–152.5] | <0.001 |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet therapy | 275 (100.00) | 90 (100.00) | 185 (100.00) | – |
| Statin | 275 (100.00) | 90 (100.00) | 185 (100.00) | – |
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | 180 (65.45) | 55 (61.11) | 125 (67.57) | 0.291 |
| β-blocker | 207 (75.27) | 62 (68.89) | 145 (78.38) | 0.087 |
| Oral diabetes drug | 71 (25.82) | 28 (31.11) | 43 (23.24) | 0.162 |
| Insulin | 18 (6.55) | 10 (11.11) | 8 (4.32) | 0.033 |
| Diuretic | 80 (29.09) | 31 (34.44) | 49 (26.49) | 0.173 |
| Echocardiographic parameters, mean ± SD | ||||
| LVEF, % | 54.22±9.51 | 52.84±10.72 | 54.89±8.82 | 0.095 |
| LVDd, mm | 49.72±4.75 | 50.04±4.97 | 49.57±4.64 | 0.435 |
| E/e' | 10.95±3.44 | 12.33±4.19 | 10.27±2.79 | <0.001 |
STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; MI, myocardial infarction; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; IQR, interquartile range; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor enkephalinase inhibitor; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVDd, left ventricular diastolic dimension; E/e', the ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic tissue velocity.