Table 3.

Associations to autism for assessed psychiatric disorders from binomial logistic regression models for each co-occurring condition

	Core autism cohort			Extended autism cohort
	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	p	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	p
Psychiatric conditions
Any studied psychiatric condition	2.83	2.68–2.99	<0.001*	2.38	2.03–2.78	<0.001*
ADHD	10.74	9.07–12.79	<0.001*	7.82	5.24–11.35	<0.001*
Alcohol misuse	1.25	1.09–1.43	0.036*	1.25	0.82–1.81	1.000
Anxiety	1.90	1.78–2.03	<0.001*	2.26	1.89–2.69	<0.001*
Bipolar disorder	10.51	7.94–14.10	<0.001*	7.84	4.26–13.53	<0.001*
Depression	1.65	1.55–1.76	<0.001*	1.99	1.68–2.35	<0.001*
Drug misuse	1.50	1.31–1.72	<0.001*	1.11	0.68–1.70	1.000
OCD	9.49	7.42–12.26	<0.001*	9.07	5.44–14.46	<0.001*
Psychosis	10.15	9.17–11.26	<0.001*	4.93	3.78–6.35	<0.001*
Schizophrenia	8.24	6.89–9.90	<0.001*	7.44	4.98–10.79	<0.001*
Neurological conditions
Any studied neurological condition	1.48	1.38–1.58	<0.001	1.40	1.15–1.70	0.015*
Cluster headache	1.47	0.80–2.61	1.000	–	–	–
Epilepsy	9.21	7.99–10.64	<0.001*	7.15	5.19–9.66	<0.001*
Migraine headache	1.04	0.91–1.19	1.000	0.97	0.66–1.39	1.000
Tension headache	0.68	0.51–0.89	0.206	1.16	0.59–2.02	1.000

OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; bipolar, bipolar disorder; anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder plus phobias; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Outcomes for associations with autism from binomial logistic regressions models incorporating age, sex, WIMD locality and all other conditions as co-variates. No cases of cluster headache in the extended cohort.

All significance figures adjusted for 30 tests. *Indicates significance at p < 0.05.