Table 2.
Clinical, echographic, and biological characteristics of cardiogenic shock patients included
| Overall (n = 660) | No mottling (n = 404) | Mottling (n = 256) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission unit, n (%) | 0.007 | ||||||
| CICU | 356 | 69.1 | 235 | 73.4 | 121 | 62.1 | |
| Reanimation | 159 | 30.9 | 85 | 26.6 | 74 | 37.9 | |
| Clinical presentation at admission | |||||||
| Heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD | 95.8 | ± 30.0 | 93.8 | ± 26.0 | 99 | ± 35.2 | 0.029 |
| n | 659 | 403 | 256 | ||||
| SAP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 101 | ± 25 | 103 | ± 23 | 97 | ± 27 | < 0.001 |
| n | 660 | 404 | 256 | ||||
| DAP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 63 | ± 18 | 65 | ± 17 | 60 | ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| n | 659 | 403 | 256 | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 336/659 | 51.0 | 215/403 | 53.4 | 121/256 | 47.3 | 0.128 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 73 | 11.1 | 38 | 9.4 | 35 | 13.7 | 0.089 |
| Blood tests at admission | |||||||
| Sodium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 135 | ± 6 | 135 | ± 6 | 135 | ± 6 | 0.608 |
| n | 652 | 399 | 253 | ||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 49.5 | ± 26.2 | 50.8 | ± 27.6 | 47.4 | ± 23.8 | 0.112 |
| n | 644 | 396 | 248 | ||||
| Bilirubin (mg/L), median (IQR) | 16 (9–28) | 16 (9–27) | 17 (10–32) | 0.159 | |||
| n | 461 | 281 | 180 | ||||
| Hamoglobin (g/dL), mean ± SD | 12.5 | ± 2.5 | 12.5 | ± 2.3 | 12.5 | ± 2.5 | 0.808 |
| n | 649 | 398 | 251 | ||||
| Arterial blood lactates (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 2.5 (2.0–4.0) | 3.8 (2.0–6.0) | < 0.001 | |||
| n | 595 | 357 | 238 | ||||
| ASAT (IU/L), median (IQR) | 91 (38–304) | 83 (37–270) | 118 (42–388) | 0.077 | |||
| n | 458 | 288 | 170 | ||||
| ALAT (IU/L), median (IQR) | 59 (26–184) | 57 (25–179) | 69 (31–236) | 0.074 | |||
| n | 468 | 292 | 176 | ||||
| Nt proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 8938 (3894–24,363) | 8388 (3466–20,333) | 9277 (4411–30,000) | 0.399 | |||
| n | 185 | 111 | 74 | ||||
| BNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 1211 (484–2852) | 1437 (509–2997) | 1099 (484–2262) | 0.236 | |||
| n | 234 | 153 | 81 | ||||
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 28 (10–64) | 26 (9–56) | 32 (10–95) | 0.111 | |||
| n | 352 | 225 | 127 | ||||
| Baseline echography | |||||||
| LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 26.2 | ± 13.2 | 26.8 | ± 12.6 | 25.3 | ± 14.1 | 0.160 |
| n | 653 | 400 | 253 | ||||
| TAPSE (mm), mean ± SD | 13.5 | ± 5.1 | 13.9 | ± 5.1 | 12.9 | ± 5.2 | 0.132 |
| n | 235 | 148 | 87 | ||||
| PSVtdi (cm/s), median (IQR) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (6–11) | 0.443 | |||
| n | 191 | 121 | 70 | ||||
| Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 94/631 | 14.9 | 64/388 | 16.5 | 30/243 | 12.4 | 0.154 |
| Severe aortic stenosis, n (%) | 32/650 | 4.9 | 14/399 | 3.5 | 18/251 | 7.2 | 0.036 |
| Severe aortic regurgitation, n (%) | 9/647 | 1.4 | 4/398 | 1.0 | 5/249 | 2.0 | 0.316 |
Values in italics indicate the number of patients included in the statistical analysis
ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase; CICU, cardiologic intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PSVtdi, peak systolic velocity tissue Doppler imaging; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; SD, standard deviation; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion