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. 2023 Sep 6;10:586. doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02487-3

Table 2.

Examples of unsupported text (demarked by square brackets).

type annotated example
dates (none mentioned) Y PSA 0.6 ng/mL[, 05/25/2021]
exam Y [Consitutional: Well-developed, well-nourished, in no apparent distress]
Y Neck: [Supple without thyromegaly or lymphadenopathy.] No carotid bruits appreciable.
medication context Y 1 tablet [by oral route] daily
medical reasoning Y recommended that we obtain an MRI of the right shoulder [to evaluate for a possible rotator cuff tear].
Y referred her to formal physical therpay [to strengthen her right shoulder]
patient acquiescence Y [All questions were answered.]
Y [The patient understands and agrees with the recommended medical treatment plan]
review of system Y Ears, Nose, Mouth and Throat: [Denies ear pain, hearing loss, or discharge.] Endorses nasal congestion from allergies.
vitals Y [Blood Pressure:124/82 mmHg]
dates (year kept if only month mentioned) N 03/[2022]
higher granularity problem/test/treatment N diabetes [type II]
N [3 views] of the shoulder
N MRI [of the head]
measurements N 25 [mg/dl]
patient name/age N [John Smith] is a 53-year-old male
other names N he was seen by Jane [Smith, PA-C]

In the original demo data, these items were added for realism without basis in the source text, the doctor-patient conversation. Some unsupported items were purposely left unmarked in cases where removal would lead to note quality/meaning degradation. After human annotated text-span level identification, these were automatically removed from the clinical note.