Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Sep 6;14:5471. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41283-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — A, B Immunofluorescent staining of Aβ (red) in the frontal cortex region of brains, and T22 (red) in the hippocampus CA1 region of brains from 6-month-old Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after medium, dead bacteria, or live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage for 2 months. Scale bar: 40 μm. C, D Quantitative analysis of positive plaques and PHFs (left panel, n = 8 biologically independent samples/group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). E Mouse Aβ₄₀ and Aβ₄₂ ELISA. The concentration of Aβ₄₂, not Aβ₄₀ was significantly increased in Bacteroides fragilis gavage Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice compared with medium, or dead bacteria gavage Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice cortex. (n = 5 biologically independent samples/group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). F Sarkosyl-insoluble fractions were blotted with antibodies against Aβ (4G8), or Tau T22 for Tau oligomers (representative of 3 mice). G Silver staining in cortex and hippocampus. Scale bar: 50 μm. H Quantitative analysis of G (n = 8 biologically independent samples/group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). I The dendritic spines from the apical dendritic layer of the hippocampus CA1 region were analyzed by Golgi staining. (Upper panel, Scale bar: 10 μm). Quantitative analysis of Golgi staining (n = 8 biologically independent samples/group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test) (lower panel). J Electron microscopy analysis of synapses. Arrows indicate the synapses. Scale bar, 1 μm. K Quantitative analysis of synapses in CA1, (n = 5 biologically independent samples/group, mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). L, M Morris Water Maze analysis of cognitive functions. Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage exacerbated the learning and memory dysfunctions, but did not affect motor function. (mean ± SEM.; n = 7 biologically independent samples/group, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test).