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. 2023 Sep 6;14:5471. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41283-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Immunofluorescent staining of Iba-1 (red) and C/EBPβ (green) in the hippocampus CA1 region of the brains from 6-month-old Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after medium, dead bacteria, or live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage for 2 months. Scale bar: 40 μm. B Quantitative analysis of Iba-1 optical density (n = 8 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). C The high magnification of immunofluorescent staining of Iba-1 (green) and CD86 (red) positive microglia in the hippocampus CA1 region of the brains from Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after medium, dead bacteria, or live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage for 2 months. Scale bar: 40 μm. D Quantitative analysis of diameter, number of branch points, and total branch length in Iba-1 (green) positive microglia. (n = 8 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). E proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL- 6 and TNFα concentrations in the brain lysates from Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after medium, dead bacteria, or live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage for 2 months, respectively. (n = 5 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). F Concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites in Abx-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice after medium, dead bacteria, or live bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) gavage cortex. (n = 5 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test).