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. 2023 Sep 6;14:5471. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41283-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A, B Immunofluorescent staining of Aβ (red) in the frontal cortex region of brains, and T22 (red) in the hippocampus CA1 region of brains from 6-month-old vehicle, 12-HHTrE, or PGE2-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice. Mice received IP injection of the diluted 12-HHTrE, or PGE2 solution at the dose of 5 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks. Scale bar: 40 μm. C, D Quantitative analysis of positive plaques and PHFs (left panel, n = 8 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). E Mouse Aβ₄₀ and Aβ₄₂ ELISA. (n = 5 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). F Sarkosyl-insoluble fractions were blotted with antibodies against Aβ (4G8), or Tau T22 for Tau oligomers (representative of 3 mice). G Silver staining in cortex and hippocampus. Scale bar: 50 μm. H Quantitative analysis of (G). (n = 8 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). I The dendritic spines from the apical dendritic layer of the hippocampus CA1 region were analyzed by Golgi staining. (upper panel, Scale bar: 10 μm). Quantitative analysis of Golgi staining (n = 8 biologically independent samples in each group, data are shown as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test) (lower panel). J Electron microscopy analysis of synapses, the number of synapses in CA1 region of 12-HHTrE, or PGE2-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice were decreased compared with vehicle-treated mice. Arrows indicate the synapses. Scale bar, 1 μm. K Quantitative analysis of synapses in CA1, (n = 5 biologically independent samples per group, mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). L, M Morris Water Maze analysis of cognitive functions. 12-HHTrE, or PGE2-treated C/EBPβ Tg mice exacerbated the learning and memory dysfunctions, but does not affect motor function. (mean ± SEM.; n = 7 biologically independent samples per group, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test).